思想上

There are two absolute converse attitudes about sustained development of social economic among the classis economist, one is Adam Smith as the delegation of pessimist, the other is Malthus as the delegation of pessimist. Marx and Engles developed the continuous development by summarizing others' thinking, but the next economists discarded the theory of Marx after October Liberation in Russia and Chinese Liberation got success. Serious fact tells us: Political economics can't discard the concept of sustained development which the basic theory in political economics.

古典经济学家对社会经济的可持续性问题存在着两种截然不同的看法，一种是以亚当斯密为代表的乐观派，一种是以马尔萨斯为代表的悲观派；马克思、恩格斯在总结前人思想的基础上，发展了可持续发展思想；但是，苏联十月革命胜利和中国革命胜利后的政治经济学却舍弃了马克思恩格斯的这些思想；严酷的现实告诉我们，政治经济学不能抛弃可持续发展观念，可持续发展应当是政治经济学的一个基本思想。

Ihde's philosophy of technology is very typical in contemporary American circles of philosophy of technology. His philosophy is not only closely related to former philosophers of technology such as Heidergger and Mumford, but also integrates analytical philosophy and pragmatism with phenomenology. By using materials of history of technology and anthropology, lhde reinterprets former basic problems in the philosophy of technology and forms his own system of philosophy of technology. Ihde's philosophy represents the new directions of American philosophy of technology, which pay attention to the research of the history of technology, the philosophical foundation of philosophy of technology and technological practices.

伊德的技术哲学思想在当代美国技术哲学中很有代表性，他的思想既与以前的技术哲学家像海德格尔、芒福德等人的思想密切相关，又在现象学的基础上融合了实用主义和分析哲学的成分，并借助于人类学和技术史等学科的材料，重新阐释了以前技术哲学中的一些主要问题，形成了自己的现象学技术哲学的思想体系，代表了当代美国技术哲学的最新趋势，即在研究技术史、技术哲学的哲学基础和技术实践的基础上，从不同的角度重新看待技术本身。

The article mainlyattempts to reorganize Jin"s aesthetic thoughts in whole in order to make them moresystematic and orderer, and to highlight the most valuable parts in Jin"s aestheticthoughts and its influence to the novel aesthetic development after it.

所以本文主要尝试着从整体性上对金圣叹的小说美学思想加以梳理，使其达到系统化、条理化，突出其小说美学思想中最有价值的部分，并在此基础上阐释他的小说美学思想对其后小说美学发展的影响。

Futures Studies conceptualized in 1940, from 1960 to 1970 went through the peak of development in Philosophy of Science. The main proponents of Philosophy of Science, such as Positivism, Postpositivism and Critical Realism deeply influenced the futurists' ideas of the time concept in Future Studies. The understanding of time in Philosophy of Science continues the linear time frame of modern physics. Future is happening after the present event. In the field of Futures Studies, people expect futurists to predict futures accurately. When futurists are predicting futures, and mapping possible futures, they employ Holism and Utopian thinking. Karl Propper opposed Historicism of trying to plan a blueprint for society.

中文摘要未来学萌芽於一九四○年代，从一九六○年到一九七○年未来学历经了科学哲学发展的巅峰时期，科学哲学的思想滋养了未来学家的思考，其中实证论、后实证论与批判实在论这三种论点影响了未来学家在时间概念上思考方向，科学哲学对时间概念的理解延续了现代物理时间观上线性式看待时间的方式，未来是当前事件必然发生的结果；在未来学的领域里，成功预测未来是大众对未来学者的期待，当未来学者在预测未来，进行未来规划时，思想中预含了整体主义与乌托邦式的思考，Propper从反对历史定论主义的思想来驳斥建立社会蓝图的可能。

Therefore, through analysing and studying Bonaventure's thoughts and his place in the history of medieval philosophy, our study of medieval theology and philosophy will not only be enriched and improved, but also Thomas Aquina's theology and philosophy deeply understood and surveyed again.

因此，从理论上分析与研究波纳文图拉在中世纪神哲学史上的地位和他思想的内容、特质，不但会丰富和促进国内中世纪思想的研究，也会促使我们更加深入地了解和重新审视托马斯·阿奎那的神哲学思想。

Jiang Zemins theory of ideological political work is a theory system consisting of a series of scientific systematic and innovative thought, theories and viewpoints. The theory was developed in the brand-new cross-century historical period to solve the problems of ideological political work preservation in the socialist construction with distinctive Chinese Characteristics. It was gradually developed and matured by the Chinese Communists Cantered around Jiang Zemin, who, on the basis of a practical and realistic analysis of the new situation new problems and new mission of modern Chinese ideological political work, have grasped firmly the themes of modern times and the circumstances at home and abroad, and availed of Marxism, Mao Zedong Thoughts and basic principles of Deng Xiaoqing Theories, especially its thoughts on ideological political work.

江泽民思想政治工作学说是以江泽民为核心的中国共产党在跨世纪的历史时期，把握当今世界的时代主题和国际国内形势，运用马克思主义、毛泽东思想、邓小平理论的基本原理，尤其是思想政治工作理论，在实事求是地分析党的思想政治工作面临的新情况、新问题、新任务的基础上，为解决中国特色社会主义建设中党的思想政治工作问题而逐渐发展成熟起来的一个科学、系统、创新的学说体系。

To aim at two kinds of oppugning, the comparison of political thoughts between China and the West, which definitely has legitimate foundation, is provided with reasonable justification on the basis of the analysis of the opposition and rational orientation depending on two internal conditions and two external conditions.

针对近来对中西政治思想比较研究的两类质疑，文章明确指出中西政治思想比较本身具有正当性依据，并在分析反对中西政治思想比较研究的看法的基础上，为中西政治思想比较研究提供了理智的辩护，进而提出应该给予中西政治思想比较研究以合理的定位，而这种合理定位依赖于两个内部条件和两个外部条件的具备。

However, in the new situations there are still many problems cannot be neglected, such as un-uniform understanding of ideological and political work of ocean shipping, commissars lack of power and interest, low making of some commissars, deficiency of navigation education, psychology problems of sailors, etc.

但是当前的新形势下，我国远洋船舶思想政治工作仍然存在着一些不容忽视的问题，如对船舶思想政治工作认识不统一、船舶政委在权与利方面的缺失与弱化、部分船舶政委素质偏低，此外，船员队伍中也存在着一些问题。这些问题的存在有体制上和思想认识上的原因，同时，也由于我国航海教育存在着不足之处、远洋船员的心理健康问题未受到足够重视。

On the basis of expounding Ren Hong-jun"s educational activities, the paper mainly elaborates his industry education thoughts, science education thoughts, higher education thoughts, educational thoughts about studying aboard and criticism of partisan education. The paper ends with a summary about the reason, the feature and the contribution of Ren Hong-jun"s educational thoughts by analyzing the social background and Mr. Rens own experience.

在阐述任鸿隽教育活动的基础上，对他的实业教育思想、科学教育思想、高等教育思想、留学教育思想以及对党化教育的批判等作了论述，并从社会背景、自身经历等角度总结分析了任鸿隽教育思想产生的原因、特点及历史贡献。

From the perspective of theoretical research, the extreme orientation of both philosophy and psychology will lead to the contradiction and breaking of knowledge teaching and students' development. Consequently, the development of all the students to be human being would be lost. From the perspective of teaching practice, both the spoon-fed teaching and experience-constructive teaching, either controlling or indulging students, as a matter of fact, lead to the lost of cultivating students to be human being. Analyzing from the perspective of ideology, Herbart's "educational teaching", Dewey's "experience" curriculum and teaching ideology and constructivism make contributions to knowledge teaching. However, they have, constraints. If we cannot understand both their advantages and disadvantages but simply support or deny them, teaching research and practice will go to an extreme.

从理论研究上看，无论是哲学的极端趋向还是心理学的极端趋向，都会导致知识教学与学生发展的对立与断裂，最终是学生发展成人的总体失落；就教学实践看，无论是&独断一灌输式&教学还是&体验一建构式&教学，要么控制学生要么放纵学生，都在事实上引发了学生发展成人的总体失落；从思想认识上分析，赫尔巴特的&教育性教学&思想、杜威的&经验&课程与教学思想、建构主义理论都有其积极贡献，但也各有范围和条件，不能正确看待它们的理论长处和局限，单纯的推崇或简单的否定，都会致使教学研究与实践走向非此即彼的极端化立场。

For a big chunk of credit-card losses; the number of filings (and thus charge-off rates) would be rising again, whether

年美国个人破产法的一个改动使得破产登记急速下降，而后引起了信用卡大规模的亏损。

Eph. 4:23 And that you be renewed in the spirit of your mind

弗四23 而在你们心思的灵里得以更新