念珠

Results It was found that the incidence of Blastomyces albicans infection tended to decline and the proportion of non-Blastomyces albicans infection tended to rise. The higher incidence was associated with advanced age, coexistence of basic diseases and the use of antibiotics, glucocorticoids, etc.

结果 白色念珠菌感染呈下降趋势，而非白色念珠菌比例升高；高龄、存在基础疾病以及应用抗生素、糖皮质激素等患者下呼吸道真菌感染发生率高。

Results Two cases were pulmonary tuberculosis combined aspergillus infection;one case was NK cell precursor acute leukemia and aspergillus infection;one case pernicious leucopenia and monilia infection;one case sjogren syndrome or diabetes both combined with candida albicans infection.CT basic manifestations included effusion or nodules or cavities or tumour.

结果 2例肺结核并曲霉菌感染，1例恶性白细胞细胞减少并念珠菌感染，1例急性NK细胞白血病并曲霉菌感染，干燥综合征及糖尿病各1例并白色念珠菌感染，CT基本表现为渗出、结节、空洞、肿块病灶。

Results totally 287 strains were isolated from the 256 positive samples , and the gram-negative bacilli were 225(78.4%,), the gram-positive coccus were 41(14.3%), snd the monilia were 21(7.3%).the distributions of clinical bacteria were respiratory tract(63.4%),urinaryract(7.0%),secretion(includingwound .3%),blood(5.9%),stool(5.2%), pucture fluid(4.9%), and other sites(7.3%). of all isolating bacterium,from the first to the fifth were ps.aeruginosa(19.5%),k.pneumoniae(16.7%), e.coli(14.3%), a.baumannii(11.8%) and psemal (10.1%).resistant rates of methecillin-resistant s.aureus,methecillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci and vancomycin-resistantwere 88.2%、70.0% and 11.1% respectively;the incidence of e.coli and k.penumoniae produce extended speutrum beta-lactamase were 68.6%和65.2%, 44.6% of ps.aeruginosa isolates were resistant to imipenem; the highest examining rate of 21 kinds of monilia was candida albicans (66.7％),resistant rate of candida albicans to fluconazole and amphotricin b was 51.3％ and 1.3%.

结果 在254份检出细菌阳性标本中共培养出287株细菌，其中革兰阴性杆菌225株（78.4％），革兰阳性球菌41株（14.3%），念珠菌21株（7.3%），检出菌来自呼吸道标本占63.4%，其他标本各占5%左右；细菌检出占构成比前三位的依次为铜绿假单胞菌19.5%、肺炎克雷伯菌16.7%、大肠埃希菌14.3%；耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌、耐甲氧西林凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌和耐万古霉素的肠球菌的发生率分别为88.2%、70.0%和11.1%；大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌的超广谱β-内酰胺酶的检出率分别为68.6%和65.2%，铜绿假单胞菌对亚胺培南的耐药率为40.2%；白色念珠菌对氟康唑的耐药率为81.3％，对两性霉素的耐药率为3.2%。

Fruit tardily dehiscent siliques opening basipetally, not breaking transversely into segments, linear or oblong, terete, sessile; valves corky, not veined, with glandular and/or dendritic trichomes, not torulose or moniliform; replum flattened; septum complete, thickened; style prominent, short, or obsolete; stigma capitate or linear, obscurely to strongly 2-lobed, lobes spreading, free, not decurrent.

果缓慢开裂长角果开阔的basipetally，不进裂片横向弄断，线形或长圆形，圆柱状，无梗；不，裂爿木栓质具腺的脉，具和/或毛状体，并非近念珠状或念珠状；使变平的假隔膜；隔膜完全，加厚；突出的花柱，短，或废退；柱头头状或线形，不明显对强烈2裂，裂片平展，离生，不下延。

Using culture medium selection, diluted separation, plate lineration, centrifugal separation, capillary separation, droplet separation, pH separation, temperature separation, inhibitor separation and so on, ten species were obtained. There were Cyanophyta Nostoc punctiforme, Phormidium tenue, an undetermined alga; Chrysophyta Chromulina ovalis; Chlorophyta Cholorella ellipsoidea, Scenedesmus bijuga, S. quadricauda, Elakatothrix sp., Selenastrum minutum and Bacillariophyta Navicula sp.

采用培养基筛选法、稀释分离法、平板划线分离法、离心分离法、毛细管分离法、小滴分离法、pH值分离法、温度分离法、抑制剂分离法等9种不同方法，最终分离纯化出4门9属10种藻类，其中包括蓝藻门念珠藻属的点形念珠藻、席藻属的小席藻和一未定种；金藻门单鞭金藻属的卵形单鞭金藻；绿藻门小球藻属的椭圆小球藻、栅藻属的双对栅藻和四尾栅藻、纺锤藻属的一种、月牙藻属的小形月牙藻和硅藻门的舟形藻属的一种。

Results Complications of deep white candidiasis infection inside the hospital mostly took place among patients suffering from chronic respiratory diseases, malignant tumors and nosohemia,accounting for 59.09%.Infection was in direct proportion with the length of hospitalization.The chief factor leading to infection was the long-term use in large doses of wide-spectrum antibiotics,especially the use of the third-period cephalosporins,which are wide in spectrum and strong in killing bacteria.White candidiasis infection results from the composite action of multiple dangerous factors. Ofthose infected,40.91%used hormone and 11.36% used immunosuppressive agents as well as radiotherapy and chemotherapy. The application of trauma examination and curing also created conditions for the occurrence of infection.

结果 发生医院内部白色念珠菌感染多系慢性呼吸系统疾病、恶性肿瘤和血液病患者，占59.09%；感染与住院时间成正比；广谱抗生素大剂量、长时间应用，特别是选择广谱、杀菌力强的第三代头狍菌素类是致感染的主要因素；白色念珠菌感染是多种危险因素综合作用的结果，感染者使用激素的占40.91%，使用免疫抑制剂及放疗化疗的占11.36%，实施插入性操作及各种介入性治疗为感染创造了条件。

Methods the vaginal discharges of 2616 cases of outpatients were tested and analyzed in Bozhou maternal and child health care hospital by direct smear method of using saline. The situation vulvovaginal candidiasis infection of different age, different treatment month and different nation of the Han and Uygur, Mongolian, Kazak, Hui nationalities and so on were compared.

采用生理盐水直接涂片方法检查2007年1～12月新疆博州妇幼保健院妇科门诊2616例患者的阴道分泌物，了解外阴阴道念珠菌感染情况，对不同年龄、不同就诊月份及汉族与维吾尔族、蒙古族、哈萨克族和回族等的外阴阴道念珠菌感染情况比较分析。

The candida albicans and candidas tropicalis was more common in clinical samples, and the positive rate of drug resistant strain against fungus increased gradually. So it is important to culture, isolate and identify the fungus from clinical samples, and do the antifungal sensitivity at the same time.

临床上酵母样真菌感染以白色念珠菌和热带念珠菌较常见；真菌耐药菌株的检出率呈上升趋势，临床上必须重视真菌的检出和药敏试验。

Based on the backgrounds above-mentioned, our research intends to understand the incidence and the distribution of Candidas in the fungal infection cases and among healthy volunteers, mensurate the MIC of several antifungal agents against Candida ioslates in oral cavity, and to understand the difference of sensitivity in order to helpclinicians select proper antigungal agents, and discuss the relationship between antifungal susceptibility and clinical effect.

基于上述研究背景，本试验的研究目的是了解当前口腔念珠菌感染患者和健康人口内菌株的检出及分布情况；测定几种常用抗真菌药物对念珠菌口内分离株的最低抑菌浓度，了解其药敏感性有无差别，为临床用药提供参考；初步探讨MIC值与临床疗效的关系。

objective to establish immunological methods specific for detecting antigens in different groups of monoclonal antibodies.methods indirect immnofluorescence assay was applied to identify specificity of the two groups of monoclonal antibodies prepared with crude antigen and recombinant antigen of aspergillus fumigatus,respectively.two different double monoclonal antibody sandwich elisa assays established with the two groups of antibodies were performed to detect antigents in the cell culture supermatants of 19 common species of aspergillus,penicillium marneffei,and 5 species of candidas.results the results of indirect immnofluorescence assay indicated that the monoclonal antibodies prepared with crude antigen of aspergillus fumigatus were specific for antigens in both clinical isolates and environmental isolates of aspergillus, whereas the other group of monoclonal antibodies was proved to be specific for aspergillus fumigatus of both clinical and environmental isolates.the elisa assay established with the crude antigen-specfic monoclonal antibodies could detect both of the clinical and environmental isolates of aspergllius, while the other assay could only detect aspergillus fumigatus of both clinical and environmental isolates.and no cross reaction with the cell culture of penialllium marneffei and candidas was observed with the two methods.conclusion the elisa assays can detect both of the clinical and environmental isolates of aspergillus,and differentiate aspergillus fumigatus from other species of aspergillus.

目的 用2组曲霉单克隆抗体建立特异性识别不同种类曲霉抗原的检测方法。方法采用天然烟曲霉抗原免疫，获得广谱针对曲霉抗原的单克隆抗体；采用重组烟曲霉抗原获得特异性针对烟曲霉抗原的单克隆抗体，用间接免疫荧光鉴定，并分别建立2种双抗体夹心elisa法，对19种常见的环境和临床分离曲霉株、马尔尼菲氏青霉菌及念珠菌培养液进行检测。结果间接免疫荧光显示，用天然烟曲霉抗原免疫获得的单克隆抗体(mabs-1)可广谱识别多种曲霉分离株，而重组烟曲霉抗原获得的单克降抗体(mabs-2)仅能特异性结合临床和环境分离的烟曲霉抗原。用mabs-1建立的双抗体夹心elisa法可检测19种常见曲霉株培养液；用特异性针对烟曲霉抗原单克降抗体(mabs-2)建立的双抗体夹心elisa法可特异性检测临床和环境分离株烟曲霉培养液；与其他曲霉株无交叉反应；2种双抗体夹心elisa法与马尔尼菲氏青霉菌及念珠菌培养液均无交叉反应。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。