必要条件

From the first part of a medical incidents and the Elements of the burden of proof on both sides of the basic meaning of the Medical Malpractice, discussed the establishment of medical blunders of several necessary conditions and scope, and for that special Malpractice use of the legal issues of the principle of inversion of the burden of proof.

第1部分从医疗事故构成要件和举证责任两方面阐述了医疗事故的基本含义，论述了医疗事故成立的几种必要条件及范围，以及对于医疗事故这一特殊的法律问题使用的举证责任倒置原则。

In the last section of the chapter, sufficient and necessary conditions about weak invertibility or weak inverse for a kind of NFA are given.

进而又讨论了它们也是判定FA为弱可逆或弱逆的必要条件的情形。

Using properties of idempotents,we show several necessary and sufficient conditions for the invertibility of the difference of two idempotents, and exhibit some applications to matrix ring s.

本文研究在一个有单位元的环中两个幂等元之差的可逆性问题，利用幂等元的性质，得到了两个幂等元之差可逆的几个充分必要条件，并给出了在矩阵环中的几个应用。

The authors study the property of the active power/angle sub-matrix in power flow Jacobian matrix and the sufficient condition for the invertibility of the sub-matrix as well as the necessary condition for singularity are given.

探讨了潮流雅可比矩阵中有功/相角子矩阵的性质，给出了该矩阵可逆的充分条件及其奇异的必要条件。

This paper studies on weak invertibility of a linear finite automata based on its matrix model,gets a full and essential condition on which a linear finite automata weakly and invertibly delays finite steps,and also gives an algorithm whether or not a linear finite automata has weak invertibility .

主要讨论了基于矩阵模型表示的线性有限自动机的弱可逆性，利用矩阵模型得出了线性有限自动机延迟有限步弱可逆的充分必要条件，并且给出了线性有限自动机是否具有弱可逆的算法。

At the same time the new algorithm is applied to find necessary conditions for such isochronous center, then proofs of isochronicity of these systems by using some effective methods are given.

同时通过一种最新算法求出无穷远点为中心时的周期常数，得到了拟等时中心的必要条件，并利用一些有效途径一一证明了条件的充分性。

Theorem Let M be a orientable or non-orientable closed surface, and f a C°-flow whose every singular point is isolated. Then f has POTP if and only if the following three conditions hold

定理 设M是任一个可定向或不可定向的闭曲面，f是M上任一个奇点均孤点的C〓-流，则f具有伪轨跟踪性质的充分必要条件是

This project also obtained several limit theorems for some important dependent random variables and stochastic processes, such as the Strassen law of the iterated logarithm for negatively dependent random variables, strong limit theorems for mixing random vectors in Banach spaces, sample path properties for two-parameter fractional Wiener processes, and so on.

随机环境中的随机变量与随机过程的研究在国内外相当活跃，本项目主要研究它们的极限性质，着重研究了随机风景中随机变量与随机过程的极限性质，主要取得了以下几个结果：首先对简单对称的Kesten-Spitzer随机游动在低阶矩的条件下给出了强逼近，大大减弱了前人要求任意阶矩的条件，然后对独立风景中的一般随机变量给出了强逼近的一般性结果，由此导出在风景和随机变量都只具有低阶矩的条件下的独立但不同分布、混合相依变量的强逼近，在只有弱高于二阶矩的条件下得到了重相对数律和弱收敛；给出了连续时间参数的Brown风景中Brown运动和稳定风景中稳定过程的滞后增量和连续模等精确样本轨道性质；同时给出了一些重要的相依随机变量和过程的若干极限定理，如负相关随机变量的Strassen重对数律、抽象空间上混合相依变量的一些强极限定理成立的充分必要条件、两参数分数Wiener过程的样本轨道性质等。

Fri particular, the Wittmann-type strong law of larg numbers for independent random variables is generalized to the case of NA random variables. We also present the sufficient and necessary condition of the laws of logarithm, and we extend Teicher-type strong law of the large numbers for sequence of NA random variables. Some of the laws of iterated logarithm of Teicher-type, Egorov-type arid Wittmann-type for sequence of NA random variables are obtained. Then we investigate the rate3f ionvergcll( fbr series of NA randonl variables, we obtain soIne results fbr tl1e Iaws of theiterated logarithttl, the laws of logarithm and decreasing order fOr the tail sum.Risk itllttlysis tlleory is a sigIlifica11t part of insurance InatheInatics.

Wittmann（1985a）关于实独立随机变量列的结果，并给出了NA列强大数律成立的若干条件，特别建立了一般NA列对数律成立的充分必要条件，在二阶矩存在的条件下完整的解决了一般NA列对数律的问题，中文摘要2而已有的一些NA列对数律的结果可以由它推出，给出了NA列的Teiclier型强大数律，表明lbiChCI·（1979）给出的实独立随机变量列的强大数律可以减弱其条件等；建立厂不问分布NA列的Teicfl仪；Egorov，Petrov型有界重对数律，以及加权同分布NA列的有界重对数律，进一步推广了NA列的Kolmogory有界重对数律等，特别对NA列建立了Wittm洲型有界重对数律，而其证明方法与独立情形有很大不同，同时通过反例表明在与独立场合类似的条件下，独立列的Wittmann有界重对数律不能完美的推广到NA歹小惰形；最后研究了NA随机变量级数的收敛速度，给出了尾和下降的阶；尾和的有界重对数律，及尾和对数律成立的充要条件等，并通过反例说明 NA随机变量级数与独立随机变量级数在收敛速度方面存在的差异。

The excellent features and multifunctional traits of Jerusalem Artichoke are not only essential qualification for the development of herbivores, but also important to water and soil conservation and environmental protection.

菊芋的许多优良特性和多功能特点，不但是发展草食畜禽的必要条件，而且对水土保持、环境保护有重要作用。

Recall that, in the Kolmogorov axiomatization, measurable sets are the sets which have a probability or, in other words, the sets corresponding to yes/no questions that have a probabilistic answer.

延期开工的Kolmogorov宣布要衡量所有套职能有限许多坐标限制在于衡量子寅。换句话说，如果是/否的问题回答f可看的价值观念在许多最有限坐标，然后它有一个概率的答案。

The experimental results showed that the algorithm can filter singular points and remain fixity of the target edge.

实验表明：基于模糊理论的图像智能滤波方法比常规图像滤波方法运算量小，它既能去除奇异点，又能保持图像中目标的边缘不变性，具有很好的滤波效果。