必然论的

In this articl, the background, the thoretical source and the basic content of Cuvis catastrophism are discussed, It is shown that it is not a subjective fabrication by Cuvier, but rather it is inherited from reforming former catastrophic ideas, on the basis of his long-term scientific practic, Therefore it helped to push forward the dvelopment of gology and biology.

本文论述了居维叶灾变论的产生背景，理论来源及其基本内容，证明它并不是居维叶的主观臆造，而是他在长期科学实践基础上对前人灾变思想的继承和改造。因此它对地质学和生物学的发展曾起到巨大推动作用。本文还论述了居维叶灾变论与其它灾变学说的区别；并列举大量现代科学发现证明居维叶所谓的灾变是不可否认的事实，是自然界中具有确定原因的必然发生的历史事件。

This paradox is the leading, epochal one in various moral education paradoxes, which is inevitable.

这一悖论是学校道德教育众多悖论中时代性的主导悖论，是必然存在的。

We can conclude that the necessary truth of content externalism is justified by modalintuitions.

我们能得到结论：内容外在论的必然真通过modal intuitions得到辩护。

As some semanticists believe, then we have modal evidence speaking against the necessarytruth of content externalism.

如果一些怀疑论假说是可设想的，和一些版本的内容内在论，那么我们就拥有了modal evidence以反对内容外在论的必然真。

The conclusion is that the present economic level of China is approximately equal to that of the developed countries in 1970s, and the present Chinese FDI outflow is approximately equal to that of the developed countries between 1960s and 1970s, and that the Chinese FDI outflow lags behind its economic development. In its demonstration of the industrial transfer limit theory, the paper puts forward its main viewpoint, namely, FDI is a means of transferring behindhand industry and heightening industrial structure adopted by developed countries, but this type of industrial transfer will not move in a cycle and the limit of the transfer will occur inevitably. In other words, FDI is not a means of improving industrial structure for such big developing countries as China and India. The paper, too, advances the theory of institution advantage, holding that the development of Chinese TNCs will not be explained reasonably unless institution advantage is entered into the OIL paradigm. This theory enriches and complements the theory of TNC.

这种研究在笔者所查阅的资料文献中尚属少见，其基本结论是，中国的经济发展相当于发达国家1970年代的水平，但中国对外的FDI相当于其1960 ~1970年代的水平，相显滞后；本文论证了产业转移极限论，主要观点是，对外进行FDI是发达国家转移落后产业，提升自己产业结构的手段，但这种产业转移不能顺次循环下去，必然会出现转移的极限，即对外直接投资不会是中国、印度等较大的发展中国家提升产业结构的手段；本文还提出了制度优势论的观点，即在OIL范式中，还须增加制度优势，方能对中国的跨国公司成长做出合理的解释，这是对跨国公司理论的一个完善和补充。

The theorem of Lebesgue integral is one of the most important parts in real variable function. About Lebesgue integral,there are different definition modes.

O引言Lebesgue积分是实变函数论的中心论题，L积分取代Riemann积分是大学数学教育改革发展的必然。

Philosophical necessitarianism stands for an ultimate impersonalism: consistent Christianity stands for an ultimate personalism.

哲学上的必然论代表了一种终极的非位格主义，而贯彻一致的基督教则代表著一种终极的位格主义。

Futures Studies conceptualized in 1940, from 1960 to 1970 went through the peak of development in Philosophy of Science. The main proponents of Philosophy of Science, such as Positivism, Postpositivism and Critical Realism deeply influenced the futurists' ideas of the time concept in Future Studies. The understanding of time in Philosophy of Science continues the linear time frame of modern physics. Future is happening after the present event. In the field of Futures Studies, people expect futurists to predict futures accurately. When futurists are predicting futures, and mapping possible futures, they employ Holism and Utopian thinking. Karl Propper opposed Historicism of trying to plan a blueprint for society.

中文摘要未来学萌芽於一九四○年代，从一九六○年到一九七○年未来学历经了科学哲学发展的巅峰时期，科学哲学的思想滋养了未来学家的思考，其中实证论、后实证论与批判实在论这三种论点影响了未来学家在时间概念上思考方向，科学哲学对时间概念的理解延续了现代物理时间观上线性式看待时间的方式，未来是当前事件必然发生的结果；在未来学的领域里，成功预测未来是大众对未来学者的期待，当未来学者在预测未来，进行未来规划时，思想中预含了整体主义与乌托邦式的思考，Propper从反对历史定论主义的思想来驳斥建立社会蓝图的可能。

Of course, it is not necessarily that difficult to deny the conclusion of the Putnam-derived PTA.

当然，对派生于Putnam的PTA的结论的难以拒绝并不是必然的，它是内容外在论的结论。

These opposition exposed their defect,andmade them to make a concession to each other,so cominningthem together became a necessary ask of practice andtheory.

两者的对立也暴露了各自的理论缺陷，表现为向对方的让步，因此道义论和功利论的统一成为历史的和理论的必然要求。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。