心理学家

This was also a point of view developed at length by the gestalt psychologist Rudolph Arnheim.

这也是格式塔心理学家详细阐发的一个观点。

Like modern art psychologist Rudolf Arnheim said:"Impressionist painters demands made by all, that is a true record of those in a specific time and specific location of perceived color of the smallest units."

犹如现代艺术心理学家鲁道夫·阿恩海姆所说："印象主义派要求画家们所做的一切，就是真实地记录下那些于特定时刻和特定地点知觉到的最小色彩单位。"

Visual thinking is studied and clarified in later period of 20th century by the American Germany lineage art psychologist Rudolf Arnheim.

中文摘要："视觉思维"是20世纪后期，由美国德裔艺术心理学家鲁道夫·阿恩海姆研究和阐明这一概念的，他认为视知觉是思维必不可少的工具，视知觉与思维是统一而不可分的。

Children were observed as they slowly grasped -- or, as the case might be, into bumped into -- concepts that adults take for granted, as they refused, for instance, to concede that quantity is unchanged as water pours from a short stout glass into a tall thin one.

他们也观察到孩子们拒绝承的过程。情况。比如：认某些常识的情况。比如：孩子们拒绝承认当水从短而粗的瓶中倒入细而长的瓶子中时，入细而长的瓶子中时，水的数量没有变心理学家们而后又展示一个例子，化。

Dr. Spock was a paediatrician and child psychologist and author of the famous book Baby and Child Care.

斯泊克医生是一名儿科医生和儿童心理学家，并且是著名的《婴幼儿护理》一书的作者。

Roy Baumeister, a psychologist at Florida State University, found that building up your self-esteem will not necessarily make you a better person.

但是，在审阅18000多项对自尊的研究后，佛罗里达州大学心理学家Roy Baumeister发现，建立自尊不一定会使你变得更加完善。

Research on the subject has yielded a mixed bag of results. But a lengthy review of the literature, led by psychologist Roy Baumeister of Florida State University in Tallahassee, now concludes that high self-regard per se is not necessarily good, nor does it translate into higher estimates by others of a person's brains, beauty, or virtue.

最近一个由位于Tallahassee的佛罗里达州立大学的心理学家Roy Baumeister 领导进行的、对现有文献作的很长的综述的结论是，仅仅有高度的自尊心不一定好，也不意味着别人对他的大脑、面貌、或道德有同样高度的评价。

DeWall, a psychologist at the University of Kentucky, and Roy Baumeister of Florida State University tested that theory — the so-called "terror management theory"— in a series of experiments involving 432 undergraduate volunteers.

肯塔基州州立大学的心理学家DeWall和佛罗里达州州立大学Roy Baumeister 已经测试了这个说法--所谓的"恐怖管理论"--在对423名大学生自愿者的一系列实验中。

Self-esteem as panacea is "a very compelling illusion," because it correlates with happiness and other good things, says Baumeister. But he believes psychologists "were a little too eager in promoting the program before the data were in."

Baumeister 说，将自尊心当做万能药"是一个很有力的幻觉，"因为它和快乐及其他好的东西相关联，但是他认为心理学家们"在没有可靠数据的情况下有点过于积极地推崇了这个理论。"

Rather than use this column to discuss Baumeister's book – which is generally SM friendly, though nothing like a one-handed read – I'm going to address the part of your question that has divided psychologists, sociologists, and anthropologists for decades: is human behavior learned, innate, or a combination of the two?

与其在这里探讨鲍迈斯特的专著（该书对 SM 的态度友好，但却不大容易读），不如让我来试图回答你的部分提问，你的问题在数十年间已被心理学家、社会学家以及人类学家分成了几个问题：人类的行为是习得的，与生俱来的，还是一种二者的结合体呢？

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。