心理上

There were significant differences in the needs of abasement and introspection between counselors and non-counselors.

男性心理咨询师与非心理咨询师在谦卑需要上差异显著，在自主需要上差异边缘显著。

At first, in this paper the national and international literature of team and team motivation is summarized. Secondly, based on the analysis of theoretical scientific research personnel and team, the teamwork motivation model is built, and it is achieved that teamwork improves the team output. Later,we lead the reputation that is regarded inexplicit incentive into the scientific research personnel"s utility function, establish a model of their reward, analyze the parameter of reputation"s effect to factor in the contract. After that, it analyses traditional training object selection and whole training object selection among the scientific research team to draw the conclusion that the traditional training object selection has obvious limitations and the whole training has evident advantages. In the end, based on the theoretical study of the psychological contract, we can obtain the effective paths of forming psychological contract among the scientific research team.

本文首先对团队和团队激励方面国内外的文献进行了详尽的综述；其次，在对科研人员及科研团队理论分析的基础上，建立了适合科研团队激励机制的基于团队合作的激励模型，得出成员间互相合作将提高科研团队的产出；然后，将声誉效应和职业生涯时间引入科研团队成员报酬契约，建立了科研团队成员的报酬激励模型，分析声誉系数和职业生涯时间对契约中各要素的影响；接着，通过博弈论知识分析了科研团队培训对象选拔制度，得出以下结论：传统培训对象选拔制度在以团队为主的组织中存在着明显的局限性，全员培训制度具有明显的优势；最后，在对心理契约理论研究的基础上，得出了缔结科研团队心理契约的途径。

Its root is philosophy, that is, philosophy is the sources of cognitive science. Theoretically,cognitive science comes through from metaphysics to psychological experiment, from introspectionism to behaviorism, from cognitivism to connectionism and computational-representationism. Methodologically,cognitive science takes on from introspective examination to behavior analysis, from mental reduction to functional construction, from symbolic operation to arti...

认知科学根源于哲学，同时又包含着许多哲学问题；在理论上，认知科学经历了从形而上学思辨到心理实验，从内省主义到行为主义，从认知主义到联结主义、计算表征主义综合的范式更替；在方法上，表现出从内省审查到行为分析、从心理还原到功能建构、从符号运算到人工神经网络的转变。

Dealing with his special character formed from his childhood and the influences of sentimentalism and romanticism on him, the first part,"The Formation of the Author's Unique Creativity", lays stress on the great effect of his life in exile on the speciality and depth of his psychological description in his later works. Next,"Tradition and Succession"mainly expounds and proves that he was actually turning from Gogol to Lermontov and Pushkin in psychological research.

第二章的四节中创作个性形成这一节，除作家从幼年开始形成的独特个性以及受感伤主义与浪漫主义文学流派等的影响外，突出他的流放生活对后期创作中心理描写上的特色和深度所起的巨大作用；在传统与继承一节，则主要论证在心理探索上，他也确实是由果戈理走向莱蒙托夫与普希金。

In the back-and-forth between Clinton and Gingrich, and in the elections of 2000 and 2004, I sometimes felt as if I were watching the psychodrama of the Baby Boom generation-a tale rooted in old grudges and revenge plots hatched on a handful of college campuses long ago-played out on the national stage.

在克林顿和金里奇之间你来我往的争斗中，在2000年和2004年的选举中，我有时感觉自己是在观看生育高峰的一代人在国家政治舞台上喧泻情感，出演心理剧（一种可使患者的感情得以发泄从而达到心理治疗效果的戏剧），讲述一个在很久以前，一群大学生在上学时就构思策划好的包含怨恨和复仇的故事。

The national spirit is in nationality"s common language, the common region, in the economic life foundation has, the shape together becomes, And displays in the national culture the common psychological quality, is nationality"s psychological characteristic, the cultural tradition and the energetic complex compound which realizes from me, Is the national members to this nationalitys ideal, the goal and the future self-approval, Is realizes this national ideal, the goal and the future tremendous spiritual strength.

民族精神是在民族的共同语言、共同地域、共同经济生活的基础上产生、形成并表现于民族文化上的共同心理素质，是民族的心理特征、文化传统和自我意识的精神综合体，是民族成员对本民族的理想、目标和前途的自我认同，是实现本民族理想、目标和前途的巨大精神力量。

Results:Significant differences could be seen in the12factors of16PF between signalman's scores and the norm.

结果： 通信兵在16种人格因素的12种上与常模分数具有显著差异；不同次元人格类型的通信兵在工作绩效上有显著差异；四种二元人格类型以及心理健康、专业成就和成长能力与工作绩效有显著相关；心理健康分数、创造力分数和恃强性因素分数对工作绩效有显著的预测作用。

Induced abortion is the small operation of a short time, language communication has the limitation on time, it is the psychological state of the person that understand induced abortion, reduce anguish of its body and mind, the help eliminates undesirable mood, create optimal mentation, make the operation goes on wheels, the person that blame language communicates pair of induced abortion is having main effect. 1, the vision that uses attention, the mood of the person that riant expression stabilizes induced abortion, reduce their insecurity, scared psychology thereby.

人工流产是一个短时间的小手术，语言交流有时间上的局限性，为了解人工流产者的心理状况，减轻其身心痛苦，帮助消除不良情绪，创造最佳心理状态，使手术顺利进行，非语言交流对人工流产者有着重要功能。1、用关注的目光，微笑的表情稳定人工流产者的情绪，从而减轻她们的紧张、惧怕心理。

维持原判,Tindal CJ 提出了三条界定方式,沿用至今:"To establish a defence on the ground of insanity it must be clearly proved that, at the time of the committing of the act the party accused was labouring under such a defect of reason, from disease of the mind, as not to know the nature and quality of the act he was doing, or if he did know it, that he did not know he was doing what was wrong".

意为：犯罪之时，出于精神上的疾病；不了解所做之事的本质是何；不理解所做之事是不正当的。这其中第一条是必要条件，第二与第三条满足之一即可）。庭上要有人指认他的精神病史，并精神病学专家出庭作证。个人认为，这给法律的公正性加了许多水分。能够指认精神病史的，必定是熟识被告的亲朋好友，证据真实性有待查究。其次对于专家证据，一些权威总比另一些权威更具权威性，而法律是基于伦理道德以及常识的决断，不该被引入攀比权威的歧途。此外我个人认为，任何犯罪，小到行窃大到杀人放火，都是人类不正当的心理因素引发的过激的生理行为。我们怎么能为其中的一些人，由于他们的心理太过不正当，而对他们的生理行为从轻处决？物极而反么？即便如此，这条界线又该划在哪里才是合理的呢？

In the classroom, students' learning is happening in a relatively stable psychological environment. Good psychological environment can enhance learning, while bad psychological environment is a stumbling block for learning.

课堂上学生的学习是在一种相对稳定的心理环境中发生的，好的心理环境可以促进学习，而不良的心理环境却是学习的绊脚石。

In the negative and interrogative forms, of course, this is identical to the non-emphatic forms.

。但是，在否定句或疑问句里，这种带有"do"的方法表达的效果却没有什么强调的意思。

Go down on one's knees;kneel down

屈膝跪下。。。下跪祈祷