心房

Primary atrial tumor has obvious characteristic on RT-3DE: All the atrial tumor display the same size of stereoimages as the tumor themselves. There is a clear boundary between the stereoimage of the myxoma and the atrial wall and there exists a short pedicle connecting the atrial myxoma to the atrial wall or the interatrial septum. The body of the atrial myxoma moves to and fro through the atrium and the atrioventricular valve with the contraction and relaxation of the heart with a fixative pedicle. Atrial myxoma leads to relative atrioventricular valve incompetence during systolic phase and relative atrioventricular valve stenosis during diastolic phase, but doesn't result in pathological changes of atrioventricular valve which restore to normal after exsection of the atrial myxoma. Malignant atrial tumor closely and extensively contact with atrial wall without obvious boundary, pedicle and movement with the contraction and relaxation of the heart.

所有心房肿瘤RT-3DE均实时显示与肿瘤大小相同的立体形态图像；心房黏液瘤立体形态图像与心房壁界限明显，都通过一短蒂与房间隔或心房壁相连，瘤体以蒂为固定点随心脏收缩、舒张在心房与房室瓣口之间往返运动；心房黏液瘤收缩期瘤体导致房室瓣相对关闭不全，舒张期瘤体导致房室瓣相对狭窄，但瘤体不引起房室瓣器质性病变，瘤体摘除后房室瓣功能即恢复正常；恶性心房肺瘤立体形态图像与心房壁关系密切，界限不明显，接触范围广泛，无蒂，瘤体不随心脏收缩、舒张运动。

Studies were included in our analyses if they were population-based cohort or postcardiac surgery cohort and investigated the incidence of AF in relation to the body mass index categories.

背景：肥胖与左心房扩大和心室舒张功能障碍有关，后两者均为心房纤颤的危险因素，然而肥胖是否为心房纤颤的危险因素尚不明确。

The possible substrates of AF Begets AF in clinic are LAiD and blocking of the interatrial conduction et al.

慢性快速心房起搏房颤连缀模型犬有显著心房纤维化的病理改变和心房电重构。

RT-3DE shows clearly full view of the primary atrial tumor than two-dimensional echocardiography and obvious image differences between atrial myxoma and malignant atrial tumor. It is a convenient, quick and precise modality for diagnosing primary atrial tumor and may be of significant clinical value for the diagnosis of primary atrial tumor.

RT-3DE比二维超声心动图更清晰显示原发心房肺瘤全貌形态，黏液瘤与恶性心房肿瘤图像特征差别明显，RT-3DE是诊断原发心房肿瘤简便、快捷和准确的检查方法，RT-3DE对原发心房肿瘤具有重要临床诊断价值。

Results: The proportional volume, numerical density of the granules in ovariotomy group were less than those in sham-ovariotomy and ovariotomy estradiol groups (P.001); the proportional volume and numerical density of ASG in myocardial cells almost came back to the normal level with small dose estradiol; along with the enhancement of estradiol dosage, the content of ASG in myocardial cells was more than those in sham-ovariotomy and small dose estradiol group (P.01), and showed a quantity-efficiency relation.

结果：切除大鼠双侧卵巢后，心房特殊颗粒的体密度和数密度与对照组及用雌二醇组比较明显减少(P＜0.01)，小剂量雌二醇可使大鼠心肌细胞心房特殊颗粒的体密度和数密度恢复到正常水平，随剂量增加，心肌细胞心房特殊颗粒的量也伴随增加，呈量效关系。

METHODS: 24 rabbits were divided into four groups: control group; rapid pacing group; adenosine perfusing group; selective adenosine receptor antagonist perfusing group. The index of observed: time of repolarization in monophase action potential (APD90); the active level of A1 adenosine receptor; the level of free calcium in the atrium cells and the ability of atrium cell to release calcium.

新西兰白兔24只，随机分为4组：①对照组：常规克氏液灌流，②腺苷灌流组：灌流液中加入2umol/L的腺苷，③心房快速起搏组：常规克氏液灌流+心房快速起搏，④腺苷受体拮抗剂干预组：克氏液+DPCPX（100nmol/L）灌流+心房快速起搏；观察指标：①起搏前后心房肌单相动作电位复极时间的变化；②起搏组和对照组的心房肌腺苷A〓受体活性对比；③心房肌细胞内游离钙含量以及氯化钾激动后钙释放能力对比。

Methods The rabbits were anesthetized and removed the heart. The left atrium was isolated and fixed on the atrial perfusion system and paced by electrical stimulation. Atrial pulse pressure was measured via a pressure transducer connected to the intra-atrial catheter and recorded on a physiograph.

方法将大耳白兔耳缘静脉注射乌拉坦（20 mg/kg）麻醉后，立即开胸取出心脏，剥离左心房迅速固定在心房灌流装置上，并给予适宜的电刺激使心房搏动，利用生理记录仪持续记录相关药液影响下的心房搏动压的变化，并读取每搏输出量。

Results For the hypertrophies in left or right atrium or ventricle or doule atriums or ventricles, the ECG plus VCG method had a high sensibility and accuracy.For the hypertrophies in right atrium and double atriums,the only ECG method had the same sensibility with the ECG plus VCG method.For the righ ventricle, the only VCG method had the same sensibility with the ECG plus VCG method.For the specificity, the three methods almost had the same value.ECG plus VCG method combining the clinical material could improve the acuracy in the diagnosis of atrial and ventricular hypertrophies.

结果：ECG和VCG联用对左心房、右心房、左心室、右心室、双心房、双心室肥大诊断的敏感性及准确性最高，ECG单独应用及ECG和VCG联用对右心房及双心房肥大的诊断敏感性相同，VCG单独应用和ECG和VCG联用对右心室肥大的诊断敏感性相同；3种方法对心房、心室肥大诊断的特异性相近；ECG和VCG联用诊断心房、心室肥大时结合临床资料可提高准确性。

For the hypertrophies in right atrium and double atriums,the only ECG method had the same sensibility with the ECG plus VCG method.For the righ ventricle, the only VCG method had the same sensibility with the ECG plus VCG method.For the specificity, the three methods almost had the same value.ECG plus VCG method combining the clinical material could improve the acuracy in the diagnosis of atrial and ventricular hypertrophies.

结果：ECG和VCG联用对左心房、右心房、左心室、右心室、双心房、双心室肥大诊断的敏感性及准确性最高，ECG单独应用及ECG和VCG联用对右心房及双心房肥大的诊断敏感性相同，VCG单独应用和ECG和VCG联用对右心室肥大的诊断敏感性相同；3种方法对心房、心室肥大诊断的特异性相近；ECG和VCG联用诊断心房、心室肥大时结合临床资料可提高准确性。

Results showed that long _ cycle leading to atrial fibrillation and flutter were mostly compensating period due to atrial premature beat or obviously sinus bradycardia.

结果显示：心房颤动或心房扑动发生前的长周期多见于房性期前收缩后代偿间歇及明显窦性心动过缓等心律失常；长短周期现象对心房颤动、心房扑动的启动作用可经心脏的程序刺激诱发和复制；6例患者经DDD起搏治疗，阵发性心房颤动及心房扑动的发生率明显下降，部分病例还需服用抗心律失常药物。

The absorption and distribution of chromium were studied in ryeusing nutrient culture technique and pot experiment.

采用不同浓度K2CrO4(0，0.4，0.8和1.2 mmol/L)的Hoagland营养液处理黑麦幼苗，测定铬在黑麦体内的亚细胞分布、铬化学形态及不同部位的积累。

By analyzing theory foundation of mathematical morphology in the digital image processing, researching morphology arithmetic of the binary Image, discussing two basic forms for the least structure element: dilation and erosion.

通过分析数学形态学在图像中的理论基础，研究二值图像的形态分析算法，探讨最小结构元素的两种基本形态：膨胀和腐蚀；分析了数学形态学复杂算法的基本原理，把数学形态学的部分并行处理理念引入到家实际应用中。