心包

Objective: To study the helical CT features of constrictive pericarditis and evaluate the diagnostic importance of helical CT.

目的：分析缩窄性心包炎螺旋CT表现特点，评价螺旋CT诊断价值。

The exclusion criteria were the following: Patients with an sign of infection or any conditions that would contraindicate glucocorticoids; systolic blood pressure lower than 80 mm Hg or higher than 140 mm Hg; cardiogenic shock; volume depletion; mechanical ventilation; hypertrophic or restrictive cardiomyopathy; constrictive pericarditis, pulmonary arterial hypertension, or active myocarditis.

排除标准包括：有感染症状或有糖皮质激素禁忌症的；收缩压低于80 mmHg或高于140 mmHg的心源性休克；血容量不足；机械通气；肥厚型或限制型心肌病；缩窄性心包炎；肺动脉高压；活动性心肌炎。

Objective Through finding and analising 470 cases of Malignant cell of pleural effusion,ascites and pericardial effusion in 2 240 cases from January,2002 to December,2003,to discuss the cytomorphological diagnostic value of routine dropsyexamination on the basis of cytomorphological analyses.

目的：收集2002年1月至2003年12月2 240例胸腹心包腔积液中查见470例恶性细胞分析，探讨积液常规检查的细胞形态学诊断价值。

The direct signs of Pulmonary embolism were luminal constriction,emphraxis,branched decreased,intraluminal lowD filling defect of blood vessel;while the indirect signs,formation of pulmonary infarction focus,pleural effusion,pneumonia,atelectasis,pulmonary dilatation and hydropericardium,etc.

肺栓塞的直接征象为管腔狭窄、阻塞、分支减少及血管腔内的低密度充盈缺损，间接征象为肺梗死灶形成、胸腔积液、肺炎、肺不张、肺动脉增宽、心包积液等。

The direct signs of Pulmonary embolism were luminal constriction,emphraxis,branched decreased,intraluminal low??D filling defect of blood vessel;while the indirect signs,formation of pulmonary infarction focus,pleural effusion,pneumonia,atelectasis,pulmonary dilatation and hydropericardium,etc.

肺栓塞的直接征象为管腔狭窄、阻塞、分支减少及血管腔内的低密度充盈缺损，间接征象为肺梗死灶形成、胸腔积液、肺炎、肺不张、肺动脉增宽、心包积液等。

Other Less Common Symptoms: A whole cluster of other symptoms appear during this infection, including progressive loss of hearing : that is, a gradually increasing deafness in older people (probably sensorineural hearing loss ); in younger people, a subtle loss of hearing acuity is noticed, meaning that it becomes a little more difficult to identifying environmental sounds, and more difficult to sensing their exact location; increased tinnitus ; sense of balance becoming noticeably less acute; dizziness spells; hoarse voice due to persistent throat soreness,(or possibly due to connective tissue damage in the larynx); chronic white tongue coating (called geographic tongue or migratory glossitis); red eyes (mild conjunctivitis, aka: pinkeye); infection of the urethra ; viral headache; eczema / psoriasis; large area of red greasy skin on the chest, just below the neck; increased hair loss; cold hands and feet; slow wound healing; weight gain on stomach; kidney pains ; joint pains; muscle cramps , especially in the calf muscles; sudden episodes of racing heart and heart palpitations; acute pericarditis; aseptic meningitis; reduced attention and concentration; forgetting words, losing some of your vocabulary, suddenly having more difficulty in spelling words and remembering information; frequently selecting incorrect words while talking (and strangely, sometimes selecting a word which is incorrect, but from the same category as the right word for example, saying "pun" when you meant to say "irony" both are in the same category of literary devices).

其他较常见的症状：对整个集群等症状出现在这个感染，包括听力逐渐丧失，即：在老年人耳聋逐渐增加（可能是神经性听力损失），在年轻人，一个微妙的听力丧失视力注意到，这意味着它变得有点更加难以确定的环境声音，更难以检测他们的确切位置，增加耳鸣，平衡感越来越明显那么尖锐，头晕法术；嘶哑的声音，由于持续的咽喉疼痛，（或可能是由于在喉部结缔组织损害），慢性白苔，红色的眼睛（轻度结膜炎，又名：火眼），尿道感染，病毒性头痛，湿疹/牛皮癣，大面积红油腻皮肤的胸部，颈部下方，增加脱发；手脚冰冷，伤口愈合缓慢，体重在胃增益；肾痛苦；，关节痛，肌肉痉挛，特别是在小腿肌肉，突然心脏病发作的赛车和心悸，急性心包炎，无菌性脑膜炎；减少，注意力和集中力，忘记的话，失去的一些词汇，突然有更多的拼写字和困难记住信息；经常选择不正确的话，而谈话（和奇怪的是，有时一个单词的选择是不正确的，但是从文字的权利-例如同一类，称"双关"当你的意思是说"讽刺"-无论是在文学设备同一类）。

Materials and methods: 31 cases of constroctive pericarditis proved by operation underwent helical CT scan. the CT features were analyzed and compared with operation findings.

对31例手术病理证实的缩窄性心包炎患者进行螺旋CT检查，分析其CT表现特点并和手术发现对比。

Homograft pericardium is the tissue with high density and intensity, its elasticity and compliance are good. Using homograft pericardium patch may be helpful to decrease the residual obstruction of RVOT after operation. It can be adapted as a repairing material in heart surgery.

结论人同种心包组织致密，缝合后不易渗血，止血方便；且具有良好的弹性和顺应性，有助于降低术后RVOT、水平的残余梗阻发生，可作为补片材料在心脏外科手术中应用。

At catheterization, all patients had elevated intrapericardial pressure (median, 12 mm Hg; interquartile range, 7 to 18) and elevated right atrial and end-diastolic right and left ventricular pressures.

在进行导管插管时，所有病人的心包内压都升高(中位数为 12mmHg，四分位数间距为 7～18mmHg)，右房压以及左室和右室舒张期末压也都升高。

Results Stenosis or occlusion of bronchotracheal tree were observed in 5 patients with localized amyloidosis; Among 4 patients with systemic amyloidosis, 3 cases of pulmonary interstitial involvement, 4 cases of pleural thickening, 4 cases of pleural effusion, 3 cases of interventricular septum and ventricular walls thickening , 1 case of pericardial effusion were observed.

结果 5例局限性病变患者均有气管支气管树的狭窄或闭塞，其中2例分别合并左舌叶与右上叶阻塞性肺不张；4例全身性病变患者中肺间质病变3例，胸膜增厚4例，胸腔积液4例，室间隔与左心室肌增厚3例，心包积液1例。

This paper discusses design and realizable methods of remote test output interface from logical design angle.

本文从逻辑设计的角度讨论遥测输出接口的设计及实现方法。

This also 星体投射plies to buildings, structures and geological features.

这也适用于建筑物和地质特征。