微观研究

The discussion about effects of trade conflict always concentrated on microlevel and the research on Japan's rising concentrated on political and systematic levels.

研究贸易摩擦的效应大多集中在微观层面，对日本崛起的研究多集中在政治和制度层面。

Samples from Changchun-Siping highway, Changchun-Songyuan highway and North Changchun-Jilin highway were studied.Studied from microstructure of frozen soil, combining physicochemical tests and mechanical tests, the influence of properties of seasonally frozen soil in Changchun area on moisture movement is evaluated,which provides the experimental evidence for study of moisture movement of seasonally frozen soil and the road frost heaving and mudding in Changchun area.

以长春-四平线、长春-松原线以及长春-吉林北线3段公路土样为研究对象，从微观结构出发，结合物理化学试验和力学试验，评价了长春地区季冻土的性质对水分迁移的影响，为长春地区季冻土的水分迁移研究、道路冻胀翻浆的防治等提供试验依据。

It is the journal of the Palaeontological Association. The journal publishes a wide variety of papers on palaenotological topics covering: palaeozoology, palaeobotany, systematic studies, palaeoecology, micropalaeontology, palaeobiogeography, functional morphology, stratigraphy, taxonomy, taphonomy, palaeoenvironmental reconstruction, palaeoclimate analysis and biomineralization studies.

该杂志是古生物学学会的期刊，刊登古生物学广阔领域的论文，其主题涵盖：古动物学，古植物学，系统研究，古生态学，微观古生物学，古生物地理学，功能形态学，地层学，分类学，埋藏学，古生物环境重建学，古生物气候分析和生物矿化研究等。

The shredding of agro-residues, such as corn stalk, straw, wood sawdust and other herbaceous biomass, were investigated in this dissertation. According to the machinery mechanics of shredding, the components, shearing strength and pressive strength of the biomass were analysed in theory, which played a critical role during the shredding process. And the powder was examined by Scanning Electron Microscopy. It was founded that shearing,splitting and grinding force were appropriate for shredding biomass. The results also showed that primary shredding was the bulk shredding model, which was mainly affected by shearing and splitting force, therefore the curly knife and the straight knife were useful; while the fine shredding was the surface shredding model, affected by splitting and grinding force, and the straight knife useful.

本文以农林废弃生物质为研究对象，结合机械力破碎基础理论，从影响其破碎的化学组分和剪切强度、抗压强度等力学角度进行了理论研究，并运用扫描显微镜对破碎产物的微观结构进行了实际分析，结合二者得出如下结论：最适合生物质的施力方式为剪切力、劈碎力和磨削力；生物质粗破碎为体积破碎，主要受剪切力和劈碎力作用，刀片宜设计成弯口刀和单面直刃刀；细破碎为表面破碎，主要受剪切力和磨削力作用，刀片宜设计成双面直刃刀。

In this paper, based on the experimental results of local temperature field and pyromagnetic effect formed in the evolution period of defects, the failure process of time-dependent material containing defects have been studied from a unified standpoint of macro-/meso-/microscopic stratum system.

基于缺陷演化过程中局域温度场和热磁效应的实验研究，从统一的宏、细、微观层次体系出发，研究了与时间相关的缺陷体的失效过程。

In order to explore the cause of the ambiguity of some Chinese resultative clauses, a fine - grained analysis of two concrete data - the resultative constructions of ＂pao diu＂ and ＂zhui lei＂ was made within the framework of conceptual frame, focusing on the conflation of their conceptual structures.

为了探索汉语歧义成结小句歧义产生的根本原因，采用概念框架的研究方法，对具体实例&跑丢&小句和&追累&小句的语言表达和概念内容的体现关系进行了微观分析，重点研究其概念结构的不同重合方式。

The mian works are as follows:(1)By coprecipitation technique and coprecipitation- gel technique the nano zirconia powder was produced, factors affecting the properties of nano zirconia powder such as pH and the content of stabilizator are analyzed;(2)By the new pressless sintering process, the nano zirconia ceramic was produced, factors which can affecting the properties of nano zirconia sinter body such as moulding press and the sinter temperature are analyzed;(3)By the microtherm pressless sintering process, the nano copper added functional zirconia ceramic composite was produced, microscopic dimensionality and electric properties of such sinter body and the factors affecting such sinter body are analyzed;(4)By the self-invented "external albumen coating" technique the zirconia powder was successfully coated by carbon in the corresponding sinter body, which can help solve the traditional aggregation problem to some degree;(5)Based on analyze the characteristics in the nano powder sinter process, the "three-ball sinter model" was proposed, for the relationship between the relative density and porosity of sinter body, by mathematical fitting, such model was successfully verified.

本研究比较系统地研究了纳米氧化锆陶瓷的合成与成型机理，特别是讨论了纳米氧化锆陶瓷的稳定性，为防止纳米颗粒在外场作用下的团聚和长大提供了理论基础和实验数据，具体工作有以下几方面：(1)采用共沉淀法和共沉淀-凝胶法制备了纳米氧化锆粉体，并分析了pH值和稳定剂含量对粉体性能的影响；(2)采用新型无压烧结工艺制备了纳米氧化锆陶瓷，并分析了成型压力和烧结温度对烧结体性能的影响；(3)采用低温无压烧结工艺制备出添加纳米铜的功能性纳米氧化锆复合陶瓷，并分析了烧结体的微观尺度和电学性能的变化以及影响因素；(4)通过自创的&鸡蛋清外敷法&在真空镀膜台上对纳米氧化锆粉体进行包敷碳颗粒的表面处理，并采用真空烧结工艺制得相应烧结体，初步开始解决陶瓷烧结过程中团聚长大这一传统难题；(5)通过分析纳米颗粒在制备烧结体过程中的实际特点，提出了&三球烧结数学模型&，通过引入坯体相对密度和孔隙率的相对关系分析并通过自行编写的数学拟合软件，验证了这一数学模型。

Test methods such as ATR, IR transmission method, Raman spectroscopy, DSC(Differential scanning calorimeter), X-ray diffraction are used to investigate the assemble structure of the modified silk materials. And its microstructure is observed by SEM. Stannic acid is used to characterize the microvoids in the silk fibers and the mechanical properties of modified silk fibers are also tested in the paper.

本文采用了透射和全反射两种红外光谱吸收法、激光拉曼光谱法、差示扫描量热法、X射线衍射法等测试手段研究了改性真丝纤维的聚集态结构，采用扫描电子显微镜法研究了改性真丝纤维的微观结构，采用锡酸处理法对丝纤维内部的微孔进行了表征，并对改性后真丝纤维的力学性能作了测试分析。

Microeconomics is the study and analysis of the behavior of individual segments of the the economy:industries,and markets for goods and services.Microeconomics is concerned with topics such as how consumers choose the goods and services they purchase and thow firms make hiring,pricing,production,advertising,research and development, and investment decisions.

微观经济学是研究和分析行为的个别阶层的经济：产业和市场商品和 services.microeconomics关注的课题，例如如何对消费者选择商品和服务的购买和配置，使公司租用，定价，生产，广告，研究和开发，投资决策。

Underlain by these studies, several representative BI products from well-known IT software providers are investigated, and the status quo of BI"s application inside and outside China is summerized. Then based on the author"s practical experience in a large stated-owned enterprise, the implementation of BI in this enterprise is researched and its internal mechanism is analyzed and evaluated, moreover, some coding experiments of an explorative system that aims at the implementation of relation rules mining functions are conducted. Finally, the problems from the BIs application in China are discussed and some corresponding strategies are proposed.

在此基础上，本文多角度多层次地重点研究了商务智能的应用：分析了主流软件供应商的商务智能产品，总结了国内外应用现状；深入国内某大型企业，在实践基础上剖析了该企业的商务智能实施状况、商务智能系统机理并对其加以评价；进行了小型试验系统的探索性研究，完成了数据挖掘中关联规则的代码实现；从国家和行业、企业、软件、管理咨询、项目实施等五个宏观与微观角度，探讨了国内商务智能应用中存在的问题，并探索性地提出了相应的解决方案。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。