微观研究

Chapter Ⅶ Harmonious Development Mechanism and Management Pattern Formation of Urban System in Central Shaanxi Plain Firstly, three different view layers of macro, medium, and micro are adopted to study the relevant mechanism for developing urban system in Central Shaanxi; The macro layer mainly probed into the affect from government affair to urban development, reached the conclusion that whether government will rationalize and benefit the harmonious development will be largely owed to the government affair regulation and adaptive general planning system to fix on the urban construction aims and stresses on the foundation of speeding up mechanism and principle innovation; The medium emphasized analyzing the Industry assembling mechanism for harmonious development acceleration and regional distribution and cross-regional adjustment among economic zones from the two aspects of Industry structuring and regional economic spatial location; The micro analyzed the behavioral characteristics of the micro subject and its motivation effects in the urban system development from aspects of enterprises, non-governmental organizations and the public, and set up the compatible mechanism of its active stimulus and restriction.

本章首先从宏观、中观和微观三个层面入手研究了推进关中城镇体系协调发展的相关机制：（1）宏观层面重点研究了政府行为对关中城镇体系发展的影响，认为在不同制度环境下地方政府行为选择也是对其它主体行为选择的理性反应，但地方政府行为能否趋于理性化并有利于关中城镇体系的协调发展，关键还是在于尽快完成关中体制创新和制度创新的基础上，规范政府行为，建立有助于地区利益协调的宏观调控体系，并以此为基点确定了关中城镇体系的宏观调控目标与重点；（2）中观层面重点从产业组织和区域经济空间组织两个方面分析了推进关中城镇体系协调发展的产业聚集机制和各城市经济区的区内组织及区际协调机制；（3）微观层面从企业、非政府组织和公众三个方面入手。分析了微观主体的行为特征及其参与关中城镇体系协调发展的积极作用，并建立了促进微观主体主动参与的激励—约束相容机制。

Mapping the geographic distribution of Aglaia bourdillonii Gamble,an endemic and threatened plant, using ecological niche modeling.

那就是为地球上已知的每一个生物物种建立一个网页，这个网页将展现该物种从分类、形态、地理分布、生态、进化等宏观研究，到DNA条形码、分子、遗传等微观研究，以及利用和保护等百科全书式的信息集合，并且通过由文本、图像、多媒体、GIS等多种技术手段来展现展现丰富的生物多样性信息(Wilson， 2003)。

Hardness and microstructural studies were also done to support the findings.

硬度和微观研究方面也做支持的结果。

Based on the core, slice observation, geology logging, log and seismic data from more than 15 typical wells, combined with the data of the adjoining area, through macroscopical and microcosmic study and according to the analysis of the kinds and characteristics of the rock components, four types of the sedimentary facies of the study area have been recognized, including Carbonate Platform, Continental-shelf, Slope and Basin. Furthermore, sunken platform, open-shelf and rimmed-shelf have been recognized for the first time.

通过对研究区15余口井岩芯的精细观察，结合薄片鉴定、录井、测井、地震资料及区域沉积资料的分析，应用宏观和微观研究相结合的手段，在岩石结构组分类型及特征分析的基础上，识别并阐述了轮南古隆起奥陶系碳酸盐岩的四种沉积相类型：碳酸盐台地、陆棚、斜坡和盆地，并首次识别出了沉没台地、开阔陆棚和镶边陆棚等相类型。

The macro perspective is the paper's strongpoint, in spite of its lack of microeconomic research relatively.

宏观性是本论文的研究特点和优点，当然由此也带来了对微观研究不足的欠缺。

The universal research in microscopic tribological mechanism of contact, adhesion, friction, molecular-level solid-liquid interaction, tribochemistry, triboelectricity etc, in the interaction among goetmaterials or between goematerials and artificial materials during geomotion, were reviewed and analyzed.

2综述和分析了地质运动过程中普遍存在的微观摩擦机制如接触、粘着、分子级流体-固体相互作用、摩擦化学、摩擦电性等的研究概况，认为地质摩擦学的研究应具有宏观和微观两个层次，对地质运动的微观机制的研究将促进对地质材料的地球物理、化学和力学性质的研究，并有助于对各种尺度上的地质运动过程的理解

We expect what we did is helpful to understand the exchanging and conciliating of culture and offer another research model of history of religion.

我们期待这样的微观研究对于理解文化的交流与融合能有所启发，并对宗教史的研究提供另外一种模式。

In microcosmic view, the administration of individual income tax is researched with the practicality in china.

对个人所得税征收管理的微观研究主要从实例出发，进行理论联系实际的研究。

Three hypotheses is put forward, based on microexamination about sample evaporation during determaination of isotope abundance by thermal ionization:1. Only atoms uncovered by outer layer atoms can be vapoured; 2. Atoms covered by outer layer atoms can diffuse but cannot vapoure; 3. The probability of diffusion of isotope atoms is in direct proportion to its probability of evaporation.

根据对热表面电离源同位素丰度测量过程中样品蒸发的微观研究，提出如下三条假设：(1 )未被外层原子覆盖的原子才能蒸发；(2 )被外层原子覆盖的原子只能扩散不能蒸发；(3 )同位素原子的扩散几率与蒸发几率成正比。

The characteristic of machined surface of high speed machining aluminum alloy 7050-T7451 is researched by micrographic experiments and analysis. The formation mechanics of machined metamorphism layer has been analyzed and studied. The dislocation-energy model in machined metamorphism layer was established and applied to explain the micrographic mechanics work-hardening using the thermo-mechanical coupling deformation theory and dislocation theory. The experimental results show that the interaction of high dislocation density effect on hardening is more remarkable than that of thermal stress in high speed machining.

利用显微观察方法对铝合金7050-T7451高速铣削加工的工件表面断面和不同深度的表层的微观形貌特征进行系统的研究，确定了高速切削加工铝合金7050-T7451的表面变质层深度为30～35μm；应用位错能量研究了高速铣削加工过程的热力耦合对变质层的影响机理，并通过微观形貌观察证明：与普通切削相比，高速铣削表层塑性变形的能量和位错密度更高；建立了位错密度的加工硬化的动力学模型，研究了加工硬化的热-力耦合形成机理；对微观裂纹的形成机理进行了理论分析，证明位错密度高的高速切削过程中较低速加工更容易产生明显的微裂纹，从分子级乃至原子级的水平进一步揭示高速切削加工表面变质层的形成特征。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。