微裂缝

The research of reservoir characteristics indicate that the T_1j~2_2 reservoir's pore spaces were dominated by intercrystalline pores and corrosion pores, there have 1 ~2 high porosity section by corrasion in Mainan structure, the porosity is 6~16%,and in this area reservoirs mainly belong to type Ⅱ and typeⅢ, the reservoir type was defined as fracture-pore type. and the reservoir physical property were primarily dominated by sedimentary fades、 corrosion and dolomization.

储层特征研究表明，嘉二~2储层以白云岩的晶间孔、溶孔为主，麦南构造存在1～2个溶孔发育的高孔段，孔隙度约为6～16%，储层主要为Ⅱ、Ⅲ类，储集类型属裂缝—孔隙型，储层物性主要受沉积微相、溶蚀作用及白云岩化作用的控制。

The diabase construction is divided into grammite hornfels micropore type and diabase porous-fracture type reservoirs.

研究区内辉绿岩建造油藏划分硅灰石角岩微孔隙型油藏及辉绿岩溶蚀孔隙—裂缝型油藏两个类型。

The generation materials of the reservoirs in Luo151 igneous oil pools consist of Intergranular micropore hornfels, condensate blowhole-solution void diabase condensate edge, the edge and center of the condensate seam diabase, of which are divided into horizontal, vertical and reticulated cracks according fracture occurrence.

研究区火成岩油藏储集层成因类型可分为晶间微孔隙角岩、冷凝气孔-溶蚀孔辉绿岩冷凝边、冷凝缝辉绿岩体边缘及中心带，其中冷凝缝辉绿岩带根据裂缝产状可以进一步分为水平、垂直和网状裂缝等类型。

The development degree of fissures was controlled by lithology, layer thickness, sedimentary microfacies,structure and stress.

裂缝的发育受岩性、岩层厚度、沉积微相、构造和应力等因素控制。

This paper introduced the relationship of microcrystal structure of coke and its macroscopical properties, and the effects of coal rank and pyrogenation process on microcrystal structure etc.

对于焦炭，前者是指焦炭中的气孔、裂缝以及焦炭光学组织结构，后者则指焦炭的显微结构，包括类石墨片层的微晶单元及其空间排列方式等。

Based on the example in Min114 block at Xinmin oil field,the authors analyze the relation of the fracture and crustal stress,measure the direction and length of the hydraulic fracture by receiving the microseism signals when the terrene is broken,which provides a basis for deploying reasonable flood pattern for development of low permeability reservoir.

以新民油田民114区块为实例，利用微震裂缝监测技术，通过接收地层破裂时的微震信号测定水力压裂产生的人工裂缝的走向与长度，分析裂缝发育与地应力的关系，为低渗透油藏开发中合理部署注采井网提供依据。

At the same time, the MEMS geophone can be used to monitor the microseismic event of coal mining, water reservoir and hydraulic fracturing through the research of failure location and the ratio of rock fracture can be predicted by counting numbers of acoustic emission.After spent six months to monitor injecting microseism in Ying 11 block of DongXin field using this system and collect abundant microseismic wave files. The result showed that the orientation of injecting fracture was mainly NE90°to NE125°. The maximum horizontal principal stress directions were mainly distributed in NE90°-NE130°range. Analysis of numerical simulation result of reservoir stress in Ying 11 block showed that the maximum horizontal principal stress directions are approximate east-west in central and western region and approximate NE130°at eastern border.

利用该系统对东辛油田营11进行了六个月现场注水微震监测，对监测数据的处理表明营11注水区域裂缝发育方向基本上为NE90°-NE125°；同时营11地区油藏地应力数值模拟结果分析表明其水平最大主应力的方向主要分布在NE90°-NE130°的范围内，研究范围中西北区块的水平最大主应力方向近似为东西向，研究区块的东部边界的水平最大主应力方向近似为NE130°左右，模拟结果与裂缝监测方位相符较好，两者结合给出了这个地区合理开发部署建议。

According to core observation and description, many deformation structures with seismite characteristics are recognized within sandstone and shale sedimentary strata of Paleogene continental faulted basin in Yangxin Subsag, such as micro-faults, earthquake fissures, liquefaction sandstone veins, water-escape structure, vibrational liquefaction deformation structure, seismic pillow structure and associated structure, etc. The vertical sequence of seismites in Yangxin Subsag, in ascending order, is underlying unshocked layer, micro-faults layer, autoclastic shattered breccia layer, vibrational liquefaction deformation structure layer, seismic pillow structure and associated structure layer, liquefied homogeneous layer and overlying unshocked layer, which corresponds to different earthquake intensity respectively.

通过岩心观察和描述，在阳信洼陷古近系陆源碎屑断陷湖盆砂泥质沉积地层中识别出大量具有震积岩特征的变形构造，如微断层和震裂缝、水下岩脉和泄水构造、振动液化卷曲变形构造、震积枕状层及伴生构造等，同时建立了阳信洼陷震积岩垂向序列，自下而上分别是下伏未震层段、微断层层段、震碎角砾岩段、振动液化卷曲变形层段、震积砂枕及伴生构造层段、液化均一层段和上覆未震层段。

The results show that the original fissure field has characteristics such as the horizontal development of micro-cracks,fissures were fill with filling material,as well as part of the development of vertical cracks,broken.The rock fissures has characteristics such as the intersection cracks in high-angle vertical,and along with reducement of the distance from the roof,gradually development to the broken c...

研究得出原生裂隙场具有绝大多数发育横向微裂隙，裂隙被充填物所充填以及部分发育纵向裂隙，较破碎的特点；采动岩体裂隙则具有发育纵横交错的相交裂缝，以高角度纵向裂缝为主，且随着离煤层顶板距离减小，并逐步向破碎型裂缝发展的特点。

Based on present researches,by means of modern measurement and analysis techniques,systemic laboratory experiments,field investigations and through theory researches were conducted.And following are the major points and achievements presented in this dissertation:①The micro-convexity on fracture plane was studied.Analyzing and comparing the static attribute and dynamic variation of natural fracture with the artificial,untreated fracture,artificial and scabbled fracture as well,making out the criteria that artificial and scabbled fracture simulate natural fracture.②We take the effect of all the three primary stresses and stress invariant into account in the Lade-dbl yield criterion,which can preferably reflect all the yield and destruction characteristic of the rock material.

结合裂缝性储层应力敏感性研究现状，利用现代化测试手段，通过系列的室内实验以及深入的理论探讨，本文取得的研究成果包括以下几个方面：①从裂缝面上的微凸体入手，分析和对比了天然裂缝、人工但未经过处理的裂缝，以及经过粗化处理以后的人工裂缝的静态特征和动态变化，指出了经过粗化处理以后的人工裂缝模拟天然裂缝的依据；②Lade双曲服面屈服准则考虑了所有三个主应力或应力不变量对屈服与破坏的影响，能够较好的反应岩石材料的所有屈服和破坏特性。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。