微裂缝

First, from room temperature to 500oC, the shell structure is amorphous with crinkly and airtight character. The shell structure begins to change into γ-Al2O3 and α-Al2O3 at 900oC. The surface of shells shows nano-sized pores at 900oC from SEM and BET analyses. When heated to 1000oC and 1100oC, the shell forms stable α-Al2O3 structure with smooth surface. Cracks often occur at the triple grain junctions. The specific surface area and the total pore volume of the hollow spheres increase with the calcination temperature.

首先，将锻烧温度由室温提升至500℃时，球壳属非晶相皱褶状致密结构；在900℃时开始有γ-Al2O3相及些许的α-Al2O3相出现，由SEM及BET结果得知，900℃之球壳表面有许多奈米级孔洞出现；当加热至1000℃和1100℃时，球壳形成稳定相之Al2O3结构，壳层表面趋於平滑，且球壳在晶界处有微裂缝存在；由BET 结果得知，比表面积及总孔洞体积会随锻烧温度之增加，有增加之趋势。

Accumulative total hydrocarbon expulsion rate is 60%-80%, of which compactively hydrocarbon expulsion , diffusively hydrocarbon expulsion and micro fissure hydrocarbon expulsion are predominant whereas water soluble facies hydrocarbon expulsion occupies a small proportion.

现今累计排烃率为 6 0 ～ 80 ，其中，压实排烃、扩散排烃和微裂缝排烃占主导地位，水溶相排烃只占很小比例。

Many research works have been done on the moving characteristics of ground-fluid controlled by structural stress in China and abroad , but the research on microseepage of microcrack caused by Earth tide is complete blank .

目前国内外对构造应力作用下地球内部流体运动的规律与特征的研究已经很多，但面向地应变固体潮对地壳微裂缝系统的微渗漏作用影响的研究尚属空白。

The heavy mudstone layers in Third Member of Shahejie Formation (Es3) provide favorable hydrocarbon source rock and cap formation, diabase and hornfels belts serve as reservoirs, faults and microcracks in the wall rocks as the pathways for oil and gas migration.

沙三段厚层生油岩为火成岩储层提供了良好的烃源岩和封盖层；辉绿岩及角岩带为主要的储层带；断层及围岩中的微裂缝为油气运移提供运移通道。

The relationship between the ratio of Ca to Si with shrinkage value was needed to be studied further.The strength of M-AAS was comparatively high, but the flexural strength was regressed in the long term. The compressive and flexural strengthes of 3 days were able to surpass 8MPa and 78MPa, respectively, and compressive strength of 90 days were all around 100MPa, but compared to flexural strength of 28 days, the flexural strength of 90 days was regressed by 19.0%. The high strength property of M-AAS associated with its hydration products and Interfacial Transition Zoo. The main hydration products of M-AAS were microcline and CSH, no calcium hydroxide was found. The coexistence of microcline and CSH worked as micro-aggregate by each other, and no weak ITZ, both resulted in its high strength. The regression of its strength was related to its high shrinkage property, because the crazing caused by shrinkage would decrease the strength, especially the flexural strength.

M-AAS强度较高，但长期抗折强度倒缩。3天抗折和抗压强度分别可超过8MPa和78MPa，90天抗压强度在100MPa左右，但90天抗折强度比28天抗折强度相比低19.0％。M-AAS的高强特性与其水化产物和界面过渡区有关，M-AAS的水化产物主要为微斜长石和CSH凝胶，没有氢氧化钙，微斜长石与CSH凝胶相互填充和配合共同起到强度的作用，M-AAS砂浆中几乎没有发现界面过渡薄弱区。M-AAS的强度倒缩现象与其收缩值较大有关，收缩会引起M-AAS硬化体内部出现微裂缝，使强度下降。

A differential equation describing this stochastic process is derived, and a statistical distribution function of microcrack size is obtained.

本文导出了描述这种随机过程的微分方程，利用微裂缝形成长大的位错机理，解出了微裂缝大小的统计分布函数。

Based on the mechanisms for stress-assisted corrosion problem in oil-pipe system, authors have carried out numerical simulation, with application of Charles-Hillig Model 10 to study the behavior of crack propagation, where the advanced front-tracking method has been employed for finite element mesh construction and re-construction.

基于油气管道表面微裂缝在应力和腐蚀耦合作用下的扩展机理，根据Charles-Hillig模型用数值方法模拟了裂缝的动态扩展过程。研究的重点是确定裂缝扩展时的形态以及可以避免应力腐蚀现象的载荷和环境条件。

Based on the mechanisms for stress-assisted corrosion problem in oil-pipe system,authors have carried out numerical simulation ,with application of Charles-Hillig Model[1] to study the behavior of crack propagation,where the advanced front-tracking method has been employed for finite element mesh construction and re-construction.

基于油气管道表面微裂缝在应力和腐蚀耦合作用下的扩展机理，根据Charles-Hillig模型用数值方法模拟了裂缝的动态扩展过程。

Based on some principal rules of brittle rocks polyaxial tests and previous researches, three controlling failure types for brittle rock are obtained. The first type represents the brittle failure controlled by extension microcrack under the condition of lower hydrostatic pressure; the second represents the ductile failure controlled by friction sliding action under the condition of higher hydrostatic pressure when microcrack is close; and the third represents brittle-ductile failure type controlled by multiple factors mentioned above under the condition of high hydrostatic pressure when some microcracks are open and others are close.

通过分析脆性岩石多轴试验中的强度和破坏规律，在已有研究成果基础上，将其强度和破坏控制类型主要归结为3种：类型1，低静水压力时裂缝张开扩展，主要表现为张性微裂缝控制型脆性破坏；类型2，静水压力很高时，裂缝闭合，主要表现为摩擦滑移控制型延性破坏；类型3，处于两者之间时，微裂缝一部分张开，一部分闭合，主要表现为两者复合控制型脆延破坏。

The main research are: 1）describe the distribution characteristic of the horizontal microfacies and single sand body and the flat distribution rule of the single sand body.

平面微相和单砂体在平面上的展布特征，定量刻画了单砂体的平面分布规律；2）储层中微裂缝的方位、开度、孔隙度、渗透率等的定量描述方法；3）建立了岩心分析剖面。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。