微粒的

The particle swarm optimization method is applied to NSBM.Firstly the coding approach is designed and then the particles are sequenced using the priority value vectors which make PSO appropriate for the discrete optimization problem.

首先设计了微粒的编码方法；然后采用了基于优先值向量的排序方法对微粒进行解码，有效的利用了微粒群算法在离散优化中的优势；最后利用批调度策略进行分批处理，获得优秀的可行解。

That shows time has a close relationship with matters which contain life. Learned from biology, we know the differences to distinguish living being and the rest is: the matter micro particle contained living being has the capability to regenerate; in other words, the special species matter micro particle of living being can regenerate 2 or 3 even more micro particle containing life. On the contrary, although the non living being micro particle changes continuously, the micro particle can not regenerate 2 or 3 even more counterparts.

这就说明了时间同含有生命现象的物质有着密切的关系，而生物和非生物区别又在何处；我们从生物学中知道：它们的区别是：含有生命现象的物质微粒能够有再生的变化能力，也就是说一个以本种形式存在的含有生命现象的物质微粒能够变成两个、三个以至更多个同样的含有生命现象的物质微粒，而非生物的物质微粒虽然是在不停的发生变化，非生物的物质微粒却不能变成两个、三个以至更多个不含有生命现象的物质微粒的。

The experimental results show that the mean particle size of griseofulvin precipitated by RESS is smaller than 1, 0μm, narrow distribution and 95％ fine particles is smaller than 1. 0μm. Increase of the pre-expansion pressure, the extraction temperature, the expansion chamber temperature, the spraying distance, the concentration of cosolvent and decrease of the nozzle diameter resulted in decrease of the particle size under the operating condition studied. Enhancement of the pre-expansion temperature resulted in increase of the particles size. The SEM of GF shows that the shape of original is atactic and a wide size distribution, but the microparticles obtained by RESS is reverse. Similar melting points and XRD patterns were observed for the original material and the precipitates obtained by RESS.

实验结果表明，用含夹带剂的RESS法制备的灰黄霉素微粒的平均直径在1μm左右，且分布均匀，95％微粒在1μm以下，仅用CO〓作为超临界流体制备的微粒与上述方法制备的微粒的平均直径和分布相似，只是产量太低，而用机械法制备的微粒平均直径在3μm左右且分布较宽；不同的过程参数对沉析微粒尺寸有不同的影响，预膨胀压力、膨胀室温度、溶解温度以及夹带剂浓度的提高或增大，均可使沉析微粒的直径变小；预膨胀温度提高，所得微粒的直径变大；喷射距离的增加，沉析微粒的直径变小；喷嘴直径越小，由此制得的微粒的直径就越小；根据实验结果还可知道，通过理论计算的马赫盘处微粒的直径可以较好地估计出膨胀室中收集到的微粒的直径。

The conjugation of MMS and Ab (ready for Reagent 1, R1): Chose the 3μm diameter Carboxyl MMS and use the carbodiimide cross-link technique activate the MMS with EDC and NHS in different concentration, then linked mice anti-HBsAg-IgG and mice anti-HCcAg-IgG on them.

磁微粒的活化及其与抗体的连接：选择粒径3μm的羧基化磁微粒，采用碳二亚胺共价交联法，在活化剂EDC与NHS的不同浓度组合条件下活化磁微粒，选择最适的活化剂浓度组合。

In the experiment, preparation conditions of particle MnO_2 by electrolyzing MnSO_4 acid solution with two kinds of electrode made of different materials were optimized and compared, effect mechanisms of different factors were discussed, and diameter, specific surface area and crystal phase of the particle MnO_2 was all determined by several means such as laser diameter analysis, IR and XRD.

实验中采用在线超声电氧化的方法，对两种不同材料的电极电解MnSO_4酸性溶液制备微粒MnO_2的条件进行了优化和对比分析，探讨了各种因素的影响机理，并通过激光粒度分析仪、红外光谱仪和X射线衍射仪对微粒MnO_2进行了表征，测定了微粒的粒径大小、比表面积和晶相构成等。

Copper nanoparticles were modified by surface modifier, methyl - methylacrylate, and minified by use of fluid-flow comminuted method, the disper sity and dispersion stability of the modified copper nanoparticles as additive i n CD 15W/40 engine oil were evaluated by high velocity centrifuger; its morpholo gy and particle size were tested by TEM and XRD analysis; and its tribological p roperty in CD 15W/40 engine oil was investigated by ball on pan tribo-tester.

采用化学改性法与液流粉碎机械法对纳米铜微粒进行了表面改性和分散研究，采用高速离心机考察了表面改性后纳米铜微粒作为添加剂在CD15W/40柴油机油中的分散性及分散稳定性，采用TEM、XRD测试了表面改性纳米铜微粒的形貌及粒径大小，采用球盘磨损试验机考察了表面改性纳米铜微粒作为CD15W/40全配方调配油添加剂的摩擦学性能，用SEM、EDS观察了磨损表面的形貌、线扫描、面分布及元素含量，分析了纳米铜微粒在摩擦过程中的减摩润滑机理。结果表明：甲基丙烯酸甲酯化学改性结合液流粉碎方法处理后纳米铜微粒的粒径进一步均匀、细化，平均粒径为24nm，并在CD15W/40油中分散性好，悬浮稳定时间长。

The results indicate that with the increase of target current,the metal volume fraction and the radius of the metal particles of Cr-Cr2O3 cermet films increases,and the metal particles become oblate spheroids.

结果表明：随着靶电流的增加，膜层中金属微粒体积百分比增加，金属微粒的平均半径随之增加，且金属微粒逐渐趋于扁圆形，理论计算结果与实验结果吻合较好。

In the meanwhile, the TS characteristics of a scattering particle and their relationship are studied when it is passing through the scattering area, In addition to this, the distribution function of particles' shape is defenited in terms of math's method and a new method is putout of which the distribution of particles' shape is captured in according to the power spectrum and spectral distribution characterist of light scattering and finally, the utility of the perturbation ameliorating method and the effect of the particles' shape is modified, so far, the accuracy of measurement of the particles' size is improved effectively.

对此，本文在以Mie散射理论为原理，依据前向接收器接收的前向散射光信息以获取微粒大小信息的测量基础上，对微粒穿越光敏区时的时域与空域的特征以及相关性开展了研究，从数学上定义了微粒的形体分布函数，提出了一种依据光散射功率潜和频谱分布特征来获取微粒形体分布信息的方法，完善了微扰修正理论的应用性，有效地改善了形体的影响问题，从而可提高微粒粒度分布测量结果的准确性。

Using an electrostatic particle sampler to collect 200 nm particles for observation under the SEM, it was found that the agglomerates of titanic oxide nanoparticles were isometric and the primary particles were spherical, the agglomerates of zinc oxide nanoparticles were isometric and the primary particles were flake-shaped, while slica nanoparticles were short chain-like shaped and the primary particles were spherical.

结果发现，圆球状初始微粒的二氧化钛之微粒聚集型态较接近圆球状，扁平状初始微粒氧化锌之微粒聚集型态则为扁长型，圆球状初始微粒的二氧化矽之微粒聚集型态则呈现短鍊状。

The increase in the diffusional deposition was found to occur mainly in the chamber after the vane section when the gas expands and slows down. Therefore, particles have longer residence time to be collected in the chamber by diffusion.

此外发现微粒的扩散损失主要发生於导翼片之后的微粒收集腔体中，因为气流出了导翼片之后速度大幅降低，微粒因而有较长的停留时间由於扩散作用而被收集。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。