微管

This study presents the investigating of microchannels flow. It is divided into two parts, the flow characteristics of micro venturi and the performance of straight-walled and curved-walled micro nozzle/diffuser respectively. The experimental results are also compared with the simulation results whereby we can observe the flow field in micro venturi and discuss the bounder effect of micro nozzle/diffuser.

本文主要是针对微喷嘴的空气流场进行研究与探讨，研究分为两部分进行，分别是探讨微文氏管的流力特性及曲面微喷嘴边界对流力效能的影响，并将实验结果与CFD软体的分析结果相互比较，藉以观察微文氏管内之流场分布并探讨微喷嘴较佳之流力性能。

The driver consists of magnetostrictive rod, front magnetic pole end cap, back magnetic pole end cap, exciting winding, micro displacement output head, casing, fixed end cap, front end cap, spring, winding tap, flat spiral pipe, water inlet pipe and water outlet pipe. The water cooler of the present invention is formed through inserting one end of some metal pipe into positioning hole of spindle, installing rolling tool onto tool carrier, adjusting the lathe to the pitch of the flat spiral pipe and starting the lathe to complete the extruding formation of the flat spiral pipe.

本发明的驱动器包括有磁致伸缩棒(7)，前磁极端盖(3)，后磁极端盖(10)，励磁线圈(5)，微位移输出头(1)，壳体(12)，固定端盖(9)、前端盖(2)，弹簧(13)，及线圈抽头(11)，螺旋扁管(6)，入水管(8)和出水管(4)；本发明的水冷装置的成型方法为把金属圆管的一端插入芯轴(18)的定位孔(23)中，将滚压工具(20)安装在刀架上，调整车床的加工螺距与螺旋扁管(6)的螺距相等，启动车床，完成整个螺旋扁管的挤压成型。

The superficial microvascular networks were sparser, while the subpleural microvascular networks were denser. The superficial blood vessels and the interlobular blood vessels were mutual transitional, and the anastomosing between the superficial blood vessels with the subpleural vessels. According to the branching sequence of the subpleural arteriole, it could be divided into the arteriole, terminal arteriole, precapillary arteriole and capillary in turn. The subpleural capillary networks were mainly web-like, while small holes were also found on the cast. The honeycomb vascular networks were various in size and form at a low magnification. The outline of alveolus, alveolar sac, alveolar duct and respiratory bronchiole and terminal bronchiole, made of microvascular networks, could be found in the cut surface.

胸膜面浅层的微血管网稀疏，深层的胸膜下微血管网致密；胸膜面浅层的微血管与小叶间隔的微血管之间相互移行，与胸膜下微血管之间形成吻合连接；根据胸膜下微动脉连续分支的顺序，常可将其分为微动脉、终末微动脉、毛细血管前微动脉和毛细血管四级；胸膜下毛细血管网主要以网络状的形式存在，但在铸型上均可见数量不等的"小孔状"结构；低倍镜下肺实质内微血管网呈现大小不等、形态各异的蜂窝状结构，可以见到由微血管网构成了肺泡、肺泡囊、肺泡管和呼吸性细支气管以及终末细支气管等结构的轮廓。

PartⅡFeasibility of vitrifying normospermic samples using droplets without cryoprotectans Objective Discuss the feasibility of droplets to vitrify normospermic samples without cryoprotectants. Methods Normal prepared sperm were frozen by conventional freezing protocol and non-cryoprotectant freezing in droplets respectively. Freezing in droplets means freezing sperm in every 10ul drop. After thawing, compared the two groups'sperm mobilities.

第二部分微滴法无保护剂玻璃化冷冻正常精子的可行性探讨目的探讨在不添加冷冻保护剂的情况下微滴法玻璃化冷冻正常精子的可行性方法收集16份正常精液标本，上游处理后分别进行慢速冷冻和微滴法冷冻，微滴法即用拉细巴氏管将标本形成10ul的液滴，直接投入液氮内冻存，复苏后镜检其活动率。

Subunit network composed by manifold s and laterals which are all multi-diameter pipes is the important part of micro-irrigation system.

微灌是一种先进的节水灌溉技术，其田间管网是微灌系统的重要组成部分，组成田间管网的支管和毛管均为多孔出流管。

Results: in contrast with model group, SSM can (1) increase the survival rate of ARF in rats, cut down Scr and BUN at 24hr, improve renal function, slightly surpass Vp in its therapeutic effect;(2) mitigate the extent of renal pathologicchanges, decrease the numbers of renal tubule necroses and casts;(3) protect renal ultrastructure such as microvilli, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum of TEC, podocytic process of glomerulus epithelial cell,endothelial cell etc, better than Vp;(4) enhance SOD activity, lower MDA contents in renal cortex;(5) enhance NO contents in serum, reduce ET levels in plasma;(6) evidently cut down TNF- a contents in serum, superior to Vp;(7) antagonize calcium overload in TEC;(8) alleviate renal pathological changes in ARF metaphase (at 3d), advance regeneration and recovery of TEC, restore renal structure in ARF convalescence (at 5d), and better than Vp;(9) increase the expression of TEC PCNA and prepro EGFmRNA in ARF metaphase.

结果：与模型组相比，SSM能(1)提高ARF大鼠的存活率，降低24hr时Scr及BUN，改善肾功能，其疗效略优于维拉帕米；(2)减轻ARF肾脏病变程度，减少24hr肾小管坏死数及管腔内管型数；(3)对肾脏的超微结构如肾小管上皮细胞微绒毛、线粒体、内质网、肾小球上皮细胞足突、内皮细胞等形态结构均有一定的保护作用，其疗效略优于维拉帕米；(4)提高肾皮质SOD活性，降低MDA含量；(5)提高血清NO水平，同时降低血浆ET含量；(6)显著降低血清TNF-α的水平，疗效明显优于维拉帕米；(7)拮抗小管上皮细胞[Ca~(2+)]_i的升高；(8)使ARF中期(第3d时)肾组织病变较同期其它两组明显减轻，并使肾小管细胞再生修复提前，至ARF恢复期(第5d时)肾组织结构恢复重建良好；作用明显优于维拉帕米；(9)促进ARF中期肾小管上皮细胞PCNA的表达及EGF前体mRNA的合成，从而增加EGF的合成释放，而维拉帕米无此作用。

In this study, in order to examine the dynamics of tip [Ca2+]i together with the dynamics of tip-localized F-actin in vivo, a kind of double labeled material was constructed. The Ca2+ and actin microfilaments of Arabidopsis pollen tubes were labeled by cameleon and GFP-mTalin respectively.

本研究以拟南芥花粉管为材料，通过转基因技术，将分别标记Ca~(2+)和微丝的两种荧光蛋白cameleon与GFP-mTalin在花粉管中同时表达，实现活体花粉管中Ca~(2+)与微丝的同时标记。

Results of the experimental groups: Comparison with the control groups, in 6h and 8h groups eminences of ependymal cells with cobblestone-like appearance were seen, their microvilli were further richer, and a number of microholes could be found on their base. In body part of SFO cell membrane of some ependymal cells were broken completely, their cytoplasm was no longer seen, and cell nucleus located at one side of the cell, 5-7μm in diameter and dividing lobe-like in shape. Beside those cells some ependymal cells appeared many folds on the top of surface. In 2h and 16h groups the observation results seemed no significant differences from the corresponding control groups.

实验组结果：与对照组相比，在6小时和8小时实验组中，可见成团的鹅卵石状室管细胞隆起于表面，微绒毛更为丰富，微绒毛根部可见到若干微细小孔，在SFO体部的一些室管膜细胞的胞膜完全破裂，胞质几乎荡然无存，仅剩胞核居于细胞的一侧，直径有5.7μm，呈分裂叶状；与这些细胞邻近的室管膜细胞表面最高处多呈现皱襞。2小时与16小时的实验组的观察结果与对照组相比未发现明显差异。

The influencing factors of longitudinal mechanical properties of tracheids: 11 Experiments and theoretical calculation has proved that MFA of S〓 layer is the determinant factor of longitudinal mechanical properties of trachedis with smaller angle corresponding to better mechanical properties.

管胞细胞壁纵向力学性能的影响因素： 11实验和理论计算均表明，S〓层微纤丝角是管胞纵向力学性能的决定性因素，微纤丝角越小，管胞的纵向弹性模量和强度越大。

Four methods of irrigation, trickle irrigation, portable sprinkling irrigation, porous pipe sprinkling irrigation and furrow irrigation were tes ted. It was found that all with trickle irrigation, portable sprinkling irrigation and porous pipe sprinkling irrigation have remarkabler effect on water saving than furrow irrigation.

本试验通过滴灌、微喷灌、多孔管喷灌和沟灌等四种灌水方式，得出滴灌、微喷灌和多孔管喷灌均较沟灌有明显的节水效果，节水率可达50％以上；除沟灌外，其它灌水方式棚内空气相对湿度均较低，这对缩短夜间结露时间和减轻或防止黄瓜的病害有一定的积极作用。

The concept of equivalent rotationally rigidity is offered and the formula of rotationally rigidity is obtained.

主要做了如下几个方面的工作：对伸臂位于顶部的单层框架—筒体模型进行分析，提出了等效转动约束的概念和转动约束刚度的表达式。

Male cats normally do not need aftercare with the exception of the night after the anesthetic.

男猫通常不需要善后除了晚上的麻醉。