微生物

The development of Chinese herbal medicine is one of main methods for peasants to increase income in the eastern mountain area of Liaoning.The main medicinal plants in Liaoning Province are schisandra,asarum,dioscorea, panax,gentiana,aconitum,fritillaria,lilium,astragalus,saposhnikovia,atractylodes,polygonatum, clematis,dictamnus,etc.The soils of nearly 20 species of the medicinal plant were studied in this paper.The differences among different medicinal plants were analyzed.The species and quantity of fungi,bacteria and antinomycete in soil of medicinal plants were clear.With the pathogen of main diseases of medicinal plants as target,the strains in the control of pathogen were screened from soil of medicinal plants.

在本研究中，首次以辽宁省主栽药用植物：五味子、细辛、穿山龙、移山参、龙胆、黄花乌头、平贝母、百合、黄芪、防风、苍术、玉竹、威灵鲜和白鲜皮等近20种药用植物土壤为研究对象，应用平板稀释法和磷脂脂肪酸测定法对土壤微生物多样性进行研究，通过研究明确了影响土壤微生物多样性的因素；土壤微生物与药用植物关系；以药用植物土壤微生物为供试菌株，药用植物近年来主要病害为靶标菌，进行生防菌株筛选。

With the soil planted the konjac as the investigation and study object and planted corn as CK, the soil organic carbon, soil active organic matter, soil entire nitrogen, edaphon quantity and edaphon community structure was determined. The change of soil carbon nitrogen, edaphon carbon nitrogen and edaphon bacterium and fungus was analyzed.

方法］以种植魔芋地的土壤作为调查研究对象，用种植玉米的土壤作为对照，测定土壤有机碳、土壤活性有机质、土壤全氮、土壤微生物量和土壤微生物群落结构，分析土壤碳氮、土壤微生物碳氮和土壤微生物细菌和真菌的变化。

In this research, we consider that the predominant bacteria in low temperature wastewater treatment in winter were cold-adapted microorganisms, the number of which increased as the temperature dropped more and more, but rarely high up to the number of mesophilic bacteria in normal temperature due to its low growth rate and the restriction of ecological factors, so that the total number and activity level of microorganism in activated sludge decreased.

随着污水温度的降低，污泥中冷适应微生物的数量逐渐增加，但由于冷适应微生物的生长速率相对较低，且容易受到各种生态因子的抑制作用，其数量无法达到常温下中温微生物的水平，使得污泥中微生物的总体数量和活性降低。

Using the survey data of several indexes as well as field experimental data of soil hydrology of microbiotic crusts in artificial vegetation-fixed sand dunes in Shapotou area, the impacts of microbiotic crusts on soil hydrological processes which included the penetration, interception and evaporation processes of precipitation were examined, and their mechanisms were also studied. The security problem of vegetation-fixing system due to the changed soil water environment in fixed sand dune area was analyzed further.

本文在上面的立意下，我们对沙坡头人工植被固沙区对微生物结皮的若干指标进行了详细的调查和试验，并安排了一系列微生物结皮土壤水文过程试验，从不同的角度揭示了微生物结皮在降雨渗透、拦截和蒸发过程中的作用，及其对降水在沙丘土壤剖面中的水分分配过程和格局的影响，并进一步分析了微生物结皮对固沙区土壤水环境的影响和植被固沙体系的安全问题。

Xiaoyu Zhang is a professor of microbiology in Huazhong University of Science and Technology, and serving as Director of microbiological institute of environment and resource in college of science and technology of HUST, Academic leader of microbe biology and biotechnology, Deputy Director of field on industrial microbiology in mycological society of China and standing director of microbiological society of Hubei Province.

张晓昱，女，博士，教授，博士生导师，华中科技大学生命科学与技术学院环境资源微生物技术研究所所长，微生物生物学与生物技术学科带头人、中国菌物学会工业微生物专业副主任，湖北省微生物学会常务理事。

The purpose of this course is to study the microbiological science and to give students the basic knowledge further study of phytopathogenic microbiology. Course contents include the original of microbiology, chemical principles, microscopy and staining, morphology、structure and function of prokaryotic

本课程之目的，在使学生了解微生物的起源，化学的基本原理，显微镜与染色，原核生物与真核生物细胞之形态、构造及功能，微生物的生长与代谢，遗传与生物技术及微生物的防治，以增进学生未来在研究植物病原微生物之相关基础。

The combination of photosynthetic bacteria,lactobacillus and the EM was found to be most effective after selective experiments, and the suitable proportion was 25:25:1 with dosage of 0.017%. 3. Effect of the biotechnology method.(1) The aquatic animals and plants selected were: Silurus spp, white crucian, carp, Java tilapia, field snail, swan mussel, turtle, bulrush, Eichhornia crassipes Solms, Alternanthera philoxeroides, Trapa incisa Sieb.

单独使用有效微生物群对废水进行处理时，其最佳添加量为0.003％；③使用有效微生物群和分离的光合菌、酵母菌和乳酸菌进行的最佳微生物制剂组合试验，确定了光合菌+乳酸菌+EM为最佳微生物制剂组合，合适比例为25：25：1，且添加量为0.017％。

Results show that microbial biomass carbon and microbial biomass nitrogen in fertilized soil peak in the first several days, and then decline. Incubating both sweet maize straw and white clover have the highest yield, maxima of 529.57 mgkg^(-1) and 75.50 mgkg^(-1) respectively. They also release respired CO2 the most among all treated soils. The best mineral nitrogen release is in white clover incubating, with a maximum of 29.81 mgkg^(-1) under a 26-day culture, and then keeping 1.60 times the control and reaching 2.48 times at 80-day culture. Sweet maize incubating has the least mineral nitrogen release. It is 13%~53% of the control under a 26-day culture, with a maximum of 7.51 mg kg^(-1). Soil nitrogen mineralization is insignificant under sweet maize incubating with urea in short-term.

研究发现，各施肥处理的土壤微生物量碳、微生物量氮均在培养前期出现峰值，后期平稳降低；甜玉米桔秆和白三叶草绿肥同时还田的土壤微生物量碳、微生物量氮在各培养时期均最大，峰值分别达529.57 mgkg^(-1)，和75.50 mgkg^(-1)，土壤呼吸产生的CO2最多；白三叶草绿肥单独还田有利于土壤无机氮的释放，培养第26d无机氮达到最大值，为29.81 mgkg^(-1)，之后一直在对照处理的1.60倍以上，第80d达到2.48倍；甜玉米秸秆单独还田不利于土壤无机氮的释放，培养的第26d至结束，甜玉米秸秆处理的无机氮为对照的13%~53%，最大为751 mgkg^(-1)；甜玉米秸秆配施尿素，短期内不利于土壤无机氮矿化。

Results show that microbial biomass carbon and microbial biomass nitrogen in fertilized soil peak in the first several days, and then decline. Intercropping Incubating both sweet maize straw and white clover have the highest yield, maxima of 529.57 mg·kg-1 and 75.50 mg·kg-1 respectively. They also release the most respired CO2 the most among all treated soils. The best mineral nitrogen release is in white clover intercroppingincubating, with a maximum of 29.81 mg·kg-1 under a 26-day culture, and then keeping 1.60 times the control and reaching 2.48 times at 80-day culture. Sweet maize incubatingintercropping has the least mineral nitrogen release. It is 13%~53% of the control under a 26-day culture, with a maximum of 7.51 mg·kg-1. Soil nitrogen mineralizatiomineralization is insignificant under sweet maize incubatingintercropping with urea in short-term.

研究发现，各施肥处理的土壤微生物量碳、微生物量氮均在培养前期出现峰值，后期平稳降低；甜玉米秸秆和白三叶草绿肥同时还田的土壤微生物量碳、微生物量氮在各培养时期均最大，峰值分别达529.57 mg·kg-1和75.50 mg·kg-1，土壤呼吸产生的CO2最多；白三叶草绿肥单独还田有利于土壤无机氮的释放，培养第26 d 无机氮达到最大值，为29.81 mg·kg-1，之后一直在对照处理的1.60倍以上，第80 d达到2.48倍；甜玉米秸秆单独还田不利于土壤无机氮的释放，培养的第26 d至结束，甜玉米秸秆处理的无机氮为对照的13%～53%，最大为7.51 mg·kg-1；甜玉米秸秆配施尿素，短期内不利于土壤无机氮矿化。

Following the development of molecular biology, growing number of uncultured microbes have been found and studied. Metagenomics approaches enables the microbiologists not only have a took at the diversity of uncultured microbes, but also obtain the genome, metabolism and physiology of whole microflora.

随着分子生物学的发展，未培养微生物的研究越来越被重视，宏基因组学方法研究胃肠道微生物不仅能了解未培养微生物多样性，还能获得微生物的遗传、代谢和生理等方面的信息。

In the United States, chronic alcoholism and hepatitis C are the most common ones.

在美国，慢性酒精中毒，肝炎是最常见的。

If you have any questions, you can contact me anytime.

如果有任何问题，你可以随时联系我。