微晶的

The completely diagonalized Hamiltonian matrices of 3d2/3d8 ion configuration in the trigonal symmetry have been established by irreducible representation method. Taken into account the influence of the spin-spin coupling interactions omitted in previous publications, the spectra and the constants of crystal structure and zero-field splitting parameters of CsNiCl3 crystal and CsNiCl3: Mg2+ crystal are calculated and the influence of the doping to the spectra, the constants of crystal structure, zero-field splitting parameters and Jahn-Teller effect are studied. The results show that doping can change the structure of crystal which brings about the changes in the spectra and zero-field splitting parameters as well as Jahn-Teller effect.

应用不可约张量理论构造了三角对称晶场中3d2/3d8态离子的45阶可完全对角化的微扰哈密顿矩阵，在考虑了以前工作中被忽略的自旋-自旋耦合作用的基础上计算了CsNiCl3晶体和CsNiCl3：Mg2+晶体的基态能级、晶体结构、零场分裂参量和Jahn-Teller效应，研究了掺入Mg2+对CsNiCl3晶体的光谱、零场分裂参量及Jahn-Teller效应的影响和自旋单重态对基态能级的贡献，发现掺杂使得晶体结构产生畸变，从而改变晶体光谱的精细结构和零场分裂参量，不改变Jahn-Teller效应的分裂规律但改变分裂的大小。

The completely diagonalized Hamiltonian matrixes of order 120 of 3d3/3d7 ions configuration in the trigonal symmetry have been established by irreducible representation method and group theory,taking into account spin-orbit interaction and spin-spin interaction.The ground-state energy levels,the zero-splitting parameter and Jahn-Teller effect of ruby crystal were calculated with the matrixes.

应用不可约张量方法和群的理论构造了三角对称晶场中考虑自旋-轨道相互作用，自旋-自旋相互作用的3d3/3d7离子的可完全对角化的120阶微扰哈密顿矩阵，利用该矩阵计算了红宝石晶体的基态能级、零场分裂参量和Jahn-Teller效应，研究了自旋-轨道的自旋二重态对基态能级的贡献，证明其二重态对基态能级的贡献是不可忽略的，理论计算值与实验值相符合。

The study showed that the biosorption process could be described well by pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Freundlich isotherm model.Higher cell concentration was favorable to the biosorption.Temperature's effect on the biosorption was not obvious.The oxygenous and nitrogenous functional groups on the cell wall played a very important role in the process of biosorption.Microdeposits were formed by int...

结果表明，菌体对银的吸附量可达91.75 mg/g，吸附过程符合Pseudo-second Order吸附动力学模型，相关系数高达0.999 9；吸附热力学很好地符合Freundlich吸附等温模型，相关系数为0.99；考察菌体浓度和温度对吸附的影响发现，菌体浓度增加有利于对银离子的吸附，温度对吸附影响较小；FTIR、SEM及EDAX实验结果表明吸附存在2种吸附机理，一为菌体表面一些含氮氧的基团对Ag+的络合作用，二为菌体分泌的胞外多糖等物质对Ag+的微沉淀成晶作用。

Compared with non-nanopolyaniline synthesized by conventional emulsion polymerization, nanopolyaniline has the narrow and uniform distribution of particle dimension and the diameter of particle is about 4-5nm,and the conductivity reaches 3.2S·cm-1, which is more than 100 times higher than that of nanopolyaniline;Moreover, it has higher solubility in conventional solvent and the solubility reaches 95% in N-methyl pyrrolidone;what's more ,it has higher crystallinity and more uniform crystal proved by XRD, apparent blue shift indicated by UV, which makes it possible to prepare transparent conductive composite films.

结果表明，微乳液法合成的纳米聚苯胺与常规乳液法合成的非纳米聚苯胺相比，具有明显的优越性：粒径分布窄，95%的在10nm 以下，最大的不超过30nm；电导率较高，达到了3.2S/cm，提高了2 个数量级以上；在有机溶剂中的溶解度较高，其中在N-甲基吡咯烷酮中的溶解率达到了95%；X 射线衍射仪分析表明，纳米聚苯胺结晶度高，晶型更为规整；紫外可见光谱研究发现，纳米聚苯胺在可见光区有明显的蓝移，为制备透明的导电复合膜提供了可能。

In previous studies, only spherulitic structures of PVDF membranes prepared by PVDF/single diluent systems via solid-liquid phase separation were obtained. The PVDF membranes with spherulitic structures always present poor mechanical properties, dense skin layers and wide pore size distribution.

在以往的研究中，PVDF微孔膜大多数选用的是单一稀释剂，通过发生固—液相分离制备的，所得到的膜结构都是球晶状结构，具备这种结构的膜往往存在膜的力学强度差、皮层致密和孔径分布宽等缺点。

This paper makes a three-dimensional model for QCM and analyzes directly the coupled phenomenon of the structural and electric fields of QCM with finite element analysis software ANSYS10.0. Through analyzing the convergence of the resonant frequency of QCM, the correctness of the finite element analysis is proved. The influence of different sizes of electrode on vibration of QCM and an optimal size of electrode is discovered, namely thickness of 100 nm and radius of 3 mm. The design of mesa on crystal plate is provided to solve the problem that the energy trapping is not good enough. This design proves valid based on finite element calculation and an optimal size of the mesa is given, namely height of 9.8 μm.

基于有限元分析软件ANSYS10.0对石英晶体微天平进行三维建模，验证了建模的正确性，并对不同电极结构尺寸进行仿真计算，对出现的耦合情况进行了分析，通过实验结果对比，提出较佳电极尺寸结构为厚度100 nm，半径3 mm；为解决金电极能陷效应不够理想的问题，提出在晶片上下表面筑平台的设计，有限元计算结果表明此设计能改善电极区的能陷效应，并且较佳平台高度为9.8μm。

And the strengthening mechanism can be described as follows: WC cemented carbides have interlaced short-clubbed grain, and in the bend strength test, the microcrack generates at WC/WC grain boundary, and may be blocked by interlaced fine-clubbed grains during extending, which induce the intergranular pulling-out. Due to the pulling-out mechanism, fracture-extend energy is greatly expended, thus bend strength is increased. The wear mechanism is groove wear and spalling of WC grains.

热机械合金化合成的WC-Co硬质合金比传统方法制备的同类WC合金具有更高的强度，其机理是：热机械合金化合成的WC合金具有交替排列的短棒状组织，在三点弯曲试验中，微裂纹萌生于WC/WC晶界位置，受到交错排列的短棒状晶粒的阻碍，裂纹扩展以短棒状晶粒的拔出方式进行，极大地消耗了裂纹扩展的能量，从而提高了弯曲强度；合成试样的摩擦磨损过程以犁沟磨损和WC颗粒的剥落为主要特征。

The second-order perturbation formulas of the g factors and hyperfine structure constants for the lowest Kramers doublet Γ〓 of a 3d〓 ion under various octahedral symmetries (cubic, tetragonal, trigonal and rhombic) are established.

在较统一的理论模型和计算方法上建立了在各种对称性（立方、四角、三角和斜方）的八面体晶场中3d〓离子最低Kramers双重态Γ〓的g和A因子的二阶微扰公式，其中包含了前人通常忽略的组态相互作用、共价效应以及低对称畸变对自旋哈密顿参量的贡献。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。