微扰理论

We first use perturbative QCD theory to calculate the photon production cross section in nu- cleon - nucleon collisions at a center-of-mass energy of a few tens of GeV, taking into account the intrinsic parton transverse mo- mentum distribution and the next-to-leading-order contributions.

首先我们用微扰量子色动力学理论计算质心能量几十GeV核子核子碰撞中光子产生截面，同时考虑了部分子内禀横动量分布和二级费曼图的贡献。

In this dissertation,applying the connection decomposition and the dual assumption, we studied the SU(2)non-Abelian gauge theory and the nonperturbative vacuum of QCD. And we also discussed the permutation group coset method in calculations of gauge field vertices.

本论文主要运用联络分解思想和对偶超导方法来研究SU(2)非阿贝尔规范理论和QCD的非微扰真空，并讨论了利用置换群陪集简化方法来计算规范场顶角问题。

The study of low energy hadron physics in QCD is a long standing difficult problem due to its nonperturbative nature.

由于非微扰效应起主要作用，QCD低能强子物理的理论研究一直是一个难题。

The completely diagonalized Hamiltonian matrices of 3d2/3d8 ion configuration in the trigonal symmetry have been established by irreducible representation method. Taken into account the influence of the spin-spin coupling interactions omitted in previous publications, the spectra and the constants of crystal structure and zero-field splitting parameters of CsNiCl3 crystal and CsNiCl3: Mg2+ crystal are calculated and the influence of the doping to the spectra, the constants of crystal structure, zero-field splitting parameters and Jahn-Teller effect are studied. The results show that doping can change the structure of crystal which brings about the changes in the spectra and zero-field splitting parameters as well as Jahn-Teller effect.

应用不可约张量理论构造了三角对称晶场中3d2/3d8态离子的45阶可完全对角化的微扰哈密顿矩阵，在考虑了以前工作中被忽略的自旋-自旋耦合作用的基础上计算了CsNiCl3晶体和CsNiCl3：Mg2+晶体的基态能级、晶体结构、零场分裂参量和Jahn-Teller效应，研究了掺入Mg2+对CsNiCl3晶体的光谱、零场分裂参量及Jahn-Teller效应的影响和自旋单重态对基态能级的贡献，发现掺杂使得晶体结构产生畸变，从而改变晶体光谱的精细结构和零场分裂参量，不改变Jahn-Teller效应的分裂规律但改变分裂的大小。

The complete diagonalized Hamiltonian matrixes of order 120 of 3d~3/3d~7 ions configuration in the trigonal symmetry have been established by irreducible representation method and group theory,taking spin-orbit interaction,spin-spin interaction and spin-other-orbit interaction into account.

应用不可约张量方法和群的理论构造了三角对称晶场中考虑自旋-轨道相互作用，自旋-自旋相互作用和自旋-其它轨道相互作用的3d3/3d7态离子的可完全对角化的120阶微扰哈密顿矩阵。

Instead of the empirical direct substitution method used in former harmonic ex- pansion method for the generation of perturbation base function s,a more rigorous 1~or- der perturbation method was proposed to generate the perturbation base function s.

针对文献提出的用于换料方案快速评价的低阶谐波展开法，提出用一阶微扰方法来替代原先经验性的扰动基函数产生方法，从而使低阶谐波展开法的理论更完善、适用性更广、精度更高。

Consequently, the ordinary perturbation theory breaks down and the physicists have to develop nonperturbative methods.

在目前阶段，QCD 理论在高动量转移的区域可以通过微扰论直接运用。

In chapter two,based on the ultraviolet/infrared scale separation of the connection decomposition variables,we proposed that at the classic level the strong-coupling limit of the Yang-Mills theory vacuum behaves as a black hole with regard to colors.With this idea,we prove that there exists a dual superconductor solution for the strongly-coupled Yang-Mills theory,whose vacuum is made up of a many-body system of magnetic charges. A dual Abelian-Higgs model,with a Higgs vacuum constant added has been derived from the gluonic field part of SU(2)QCD based on the Faddeev-Niemi decomposition and random-order assumptions.The scale potential Vhas the Mexico-hat form.

第二章基于联络分解变量的紫外/红外分离，提出杨-米尔斯理论真空的强耦合极限表现为一个经典场论意义下色空间的黑洞，并证明在强耦合极限下该理论存在对偶超导体解，其非微扰真空可由磁荷的多粒子体系构成，借助规范场的Faddeev-Niemi分解，由SU(2)QCD的胶子部分推导出一个含有黑格斯真空常数的有效对偶阿贝尔-黑格斯模型，标量势V具有Mexico-hat形式，计算出Ginzburg-Landau参数为κ=/=(8/9)/(1/2)，，这与最近T。

In the meanwhile, the TS characteristics of a scattering particle and their relationship are studied when it is passing through the scattering area, In addition to this, the distribution function of particles' shape is defenited in terms of math's method and a new method is putout of which the distribution of particles' shape is captured in according to the power spectrum and spectral distribution characterist of light scattering and finally, the utility of the perturbation ameliorating method and the effect of the particles' shape is modified, so far, the accuracy of measurement of the particles' size is improved effectively.

对此，本文在以Mie散射理论为原理，依据前向接收器接收的前向散射光信息以获取微粒大小信息的测量基础上，对微粒穿越光敏区时的时域与空域的特征以及相关性开展了研究，从数学上定义了微粒的形体分布函数，提出了一种依据光散射功率潜和频谱分布特征来获取微粒形体分布信息的方法，完善了微扰修正理论的应用性，有效地改善了形体的影响问题，从而可提高微粒粒度分布测量结果的准确性。

Since the contribution of the spin-orbital coupling interaction of the ligand to optical and electron paramagnetic resonance spectra can not be neglected, the optical and EPR spectra g factors g‖、g⊥ and hyperfine structure constant A‖、A⊥ of LiHSO4:VO2+ crystal are calculated from the high-order perturbation formulas on the basis of double-spin-orbital coupling model and crystal-field theory for 3d1 ion in tetragonal symmetry.

考虑到配体离子的自旋－轨道耦合作用对光谱和电子顺磁共振谱的贡献不可忽略，采用3d1离子在四角对称下基于双自旋－轨道耦合模型的高阶微扰公式和晶场理论公式，理论计算了LiHSO4：VO2+晶体的光谱和电子顺磁共振参量g因子g‖、g⊥和超精细结构常数A‖、A⊥。

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。