微型汽车

The basic approach of protecting people from being hurt or killed in an accident is to improve crashworthiness of vehicles. This paper starts with discussing theories and methods for vehicle passive safety design, which included experiential methods, analytic methods, multi-body dynamics methods, crash test methods and the finite element method. Emphasis will be paid to the basic FEM theories and algorithms of impact problems. Topics discussed include the governing equation, element discretization, hourglass control, time integration, material model, shell element algorithms and contact-impact algorithms. For more reliable simulation results, this paper then conducts study on how to accurately get material model parameters by combining the FEM method with experimental method, and develops relevant material test machine and parameter calculating software. Based on that, basic typical impact simulation and test validation study are conducted. On the basis of the above work, the paper studies the thin-shell structures'crashworthiness, which was affected by the following factors: spot-weld features, shell thickness, cross-section and pre-deformation. As to vehicle parts'crashworthiness, the paper conducts simulation study of designing energy-absorbing steering system and adaptive airbag system. A practical energy-absorbing steering wheel is designed as an example. In further depth research, the paper suggests several inverse quantificational methods for vehicle crashworthiness design based on the ideal crash characteristics. The above theories and methods are applied with good results through several practical vehicles' crashworthiness design and improvement.

文中对汽车碰撞安全性的设计理论和方法进行了归类和总结，其中包括经验法、解析法、多刚体动力学法、试验法以及有限元方法等；重点介绍了碰撞有限元法的基本理论和有关算法，涉及到有限元求解控制方程、单元离散、沙漏模态控制、时间积分、材料模型和应力修正、薄壳单元算法以及接触碰撞界面算法等，探讨了有限元计算中的材料模型参数获取技术，开发了相应的材料试验装置及材料模型参数反求软件，在此基础上进行了基本的碰撞仿真算例和试验对比研究；文中通过应用有限元方法研究了薄壁构件的碰撞吸能特性，指出了设计薄壁吸能构件时需要考虑的几个主要影响因素，即焊点、壁厚、横截面和预变形等；在关于车辆部件的碰撞安全性能设计中进行了吸能转向机构和自适应安全气囊的仿真研究，提出了吸能转向机构和自适应安全气囊的仿真研究方法；文中最后探讨了整车碰撞性能的设计与改进方法，提出了以理想碰撞特性为目标，采用分段加速度或者根据碰撞时间进行设计的反推设计法、部件吸能仿真优化设计法等量化设计方法，并通过综合应用文中所讨论的相关技术进行了整车碰撞性能的设计与改进实例研究，所选定的车型是大众化的普通轿车和碰撞安全性基础较差的微型面包车，研究结果表明，本文所提出的设计与改进方法是适用而有效的，具有重要的工程实用意义和价值。

The object of the research is the four-wheel drive electric vehicle which is ameliorated from prototype car.

本文的研究对象是以某微型轿车为原型车进行改进的四轮驱动的电动汽车。

Whether the Beetle, the Thing (Type 181) or the Microbus, all were the cult cars of their time and still are.

是否甲虫，事情(181 类型)或者微型公共汽车，全部是他们的时间的邪教汽车，仍然。

In this paper, the theory of numerical simulation on minibus'external flow field is stated, the calculation tool is introduced.

本文陈述了微型厢式汽车外流场数值模拟的理论基础，介绍了采用的数值模拟的计算工具。

Aimming at the fuel control requirement of micro-turbojet,the automobile's electric fuel pump with adaptable improvement is chosen as fuel-feed system.The performance of fuel pump and the technical difficulty of flux control as the speed of pump doesn't be measured are analyzed.Using Philips 83C552 MCU as the main control chip,the system adopts voltage negative feedback combined current compensation instead of rotation speed negative feedback and a PWM convertor to design the flux closed loop control system.

针对微型涡喷发动机的燃油控制要求，选用汽车用电动油泵进行适应性改进作为供油执行装置，详细分析了电动油泵的特性及泵转速无法测量情况下流量控制的技术难点，并以83C552单片机为核心，采用电压负反馈加电流补偿代替转速负反馈、电机通过PWM驱动的方法设计电动油泵流量闭环控制系统。

Quality Assurance Center, the Great Wall of China opened up the field of survey and design quality system (ISO9000) certification in the country has created the first 21, except for China Tianchen company issued the first national design industry certification, but also for the country's largest Daqing Petroleum Administration Bureau of enterprises (28 million) of the overall authentication certificates for the micro-car factory in Tianjin issued the first National Certification automotive industry for the central city of Harbin presented the first national design activities have a commercial certificate service system, for China's Guizhou Maotai liquor industry plant awarded the first National Certification for Tanggu saltworks awarded the first National Certificate salt industry for China Railway Materials Tianjin issued the first material system, the National Certification for Tianjin Service Center for Scholarly Exchange awarded the first Certificate of intermediary organizations, in order to Qingdao Branch Qingdao railway station railway industry presented the first certificate for the China Telecom Group Tianjin Telecom awarded the first Certificate telecommunications industry and so on.

长城质量保证中心开辟了我国勘测设计领域的质量体系(ISO9000)认证工作，在全国创造了二十一项第一，除为中国天辰公司颁发了全国第一张设计行业认证证书外还为全国最大的企业大庆石油管理局(28万人)整体认证颁发证书，为天津微型汽车厂颁发全国第一张汽车行业认证证书，为哈尔滨中央商城颁发全国第一张有设计活动的商业服务系统认证证书，为中国贵州茅台酒厂颁发全国酒类行业第一张认证证书，为塘沽盐场颁发全国第一张制盐行业的认证证书，为中国铁路物资天津公司颁发全国第一张物资系统认证证书，为天津市留学服务中心颁发第一张中介机构的认证证书，为青岛铁路分局青岛站颁发铁路行业第一张认证证书，为中国电信集团天津电信公司颁发第一张电信行业认证证书等等。

In second place was Daihatsu Motor Co.'s Tanto minicar with sales of 20,552 vehicles, according to data released the same day by a separate automobile association, the Japan Mini Vehicles Association.

日本微型车协会周四公布的数据显示，二月份在日本市场上销量排名第二的汽车是大发汽车公司的Tanto牌微型轿车。

Wale said. GM's business in China already includes production and sales of passenger cars and micro-minivans with different Chinese partners.

通用汽车旗下中国业务已经包括了轿车和微型客车的生产和销售，这些都是通用汽车与不同的中国合作伙伴组建的。

The company was established in 2002, with the most advanced production equipment, products with low noise and low power consumption and long life of the characteristics of Division I sell a variety of standard models bearing model specifications diameter 1-15 mm, diameter 30 mm Following the metric system, English, flange series bearings, stainless steel bearings, ball bearings thrust plane, and other micro-bearings; agent and also imports NMB, NSK, KOYO, TPI, NTN,,,, and so on brand-name imported bearings, low-priced sales Imports original 830 zz, 520zz, 695zz cooling fan bearings; widely used in various types of micro-motors, fitness equipment, computer cooling fan, instruments, computers, motor vehicle, precision instruments, machinery, household appliances, medical equipment, fishing gear, High-end toys, and other fields.

本公司成立于2002年，拥有全国最先进生产设备；产品具有低噪音、低功耗、长寿命之特点；我司销售各种各样的规格型号轴承，规格型号内径1－15mm、外径30mm以下的公制、英制、法兰系列轴承，不锈钢轴承，平面推力球轴承等各类微型轴承；并且还代理进口NMB、NSK、KOYO、TPI、NTN、、、、等等名牌进口轴承，低价销售进口原装830zz、520zz、695zz散热风扇轴承；广泛用于各类微型电机、健身器材、电脑散热风扇、仪器仪表、计算机、汽车电机，精密仪器，机械设备，家用电器，医疗器械，渔具，高档玩具等领域。

Five years ago Toyota launched a programme to radically improve vehicle packaging, focusing on breakthrough solutions for miniaturising key vehicle features.

设计 五年前，丰田汽车公司推出一项计划，从根本上改善汽车的包装上，突破性的解决方案为重点的微型化的主要工具的功能。

In the negative and interrogative forms, of course, this is identical to the non-emphatic forms.

。但是，在否定句或疑问句里，这种带有"do"的方法表达的效果却没有什么强调的意思。

Go down on one's knees;kneel down

屈膝跪下。。。下跪祈祷