微分的

Kobayashi/nomizu, Foundations of Differential Geometry

标准的微分几何入门教材，主要讲述微分流形

Shoshichi Kobayashi, Katsumi Nomizu, Foundations of Differential Geometry

标准的微分几何入门教材，主要讲述微分流形

A more general structure for the classic PID controller is proposed by using fractional integral and differential operators.

分数阶PI~λD~μ控制器是用分数阶微分、积分运算器代替经典PID控制器中微分、积分运算器，这样，使分数阶PI~λD~μ控制器和经典的PID控制器统一起来。

"Economic Mathematics" on the function of the limit, derivative and differential, derivative applications, indefinite integral, integral, integral and infinite binary Series and the first order differential equations, and so forth.

经济数学》介绍了函数、极限、导数与微分、导数的应用、不定积分、定积分、二元积分和无穷级数与一阶微分方程等内容。

In chapter 1, as a preparative knowledge, the main results about symmetry theoryand Wus method are introduced, in addition some fundamental definitions, such as trans-formation group, infinitesimal operator, prolongation, first integral, infinitesimal criterionfbr invariance of an ODE, characteristic set are recalled.

第一章中作为预备知识简单介绍了对称理论和吴方法，并给出了一些基本概念和理论，如变换群、无穷小算子、算子延拓、首次积分、微分方程在对称下不变的判别准则和微分特征列集算法。

The results of statistic property theory analysis show that GCASM is in close agreement with the differential equation model of the general growth system in the sense of mathematical expectation.

但是 ，对于大多数与实际动力学系统相关的问题，其微分方程模型没有解析解，为了对微分方程模型进行求解，人们通常放弃符

In both the cases we provide necessary conditions for any linear multistep method applied to delay differential equations and neutral delay differential equations to be τ(0)-stable and Nτ(0)-stable respectively.

针对这两种情况，分别给出了线性多步方法关于延迟微分方程τ（0）-稳定及中立型延迟微分方程Nτ（0）-稳定的必要条件。

A differential iteration solution is presented by combining the features of bidirectional iteration method, Newton′s interpolation formula and direct differential method.

将"双向迭代"、牛顿二次差商以及直接微分等分析手段有效地结合起来，形成一种被称为"微分迭代"的波导方程解析方法。

And the spectrum was divided into three regions, which were 430~100 nm, 1 000~1 800 nm, 430~1 800 nm, respectively. Four methods of spectrum data preprocessing were used, which were multiplicative scattering correction, standard normal variate, first derivative and second derivative.

应用多元散射校正，标准正态变量变换，一阶微分和二阶微分四种不同预处理方法，分别在430~1 000 nm、1 000~1 800 nm和430~1 800 nm三个光谱范围内建立识别脐橙污染程度的偏最小二乘法数学模型。

Using the numerical differentiation, the differential equations can be transformed into algebraic equations. Then we can get the numerical solution from the algebraic equations.

但是数值微分对误差非常敏感，因此我们想到用对误差不敏感的数值积分代替数值微分。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。