微分

The finite difference time-domain method is stable and easy to be used, but due to the fact that it approximates the space derivatives in Maxwells curlequations by central difference, FDTD usually requires more than 20 grids perwavelength to achieve acceptable accuracy. As a contrast, pseudospectraltime-domain method approximates the space derivatives by pseudospectralmethod, which guarantees the accuracy, theoretically requiting only 2 grids perwavelength.

传统的电磁场数值算法——时域有限差分法稳定而易于实现，但由于FDTD采用中心差分近似Maxwell旋度方程的微分，每个波长上需要取的网格数通常较多，而时域伪谱法采用伪谱法求微分，理论上每个波长只需要取两个网格便可以达到较高的精度。

This paper mainly introduces several different methods to prove the mid-value theorem, at the same time the mid-value theorem is applied in the mathematical theory, such as the application and mathematical modeling.

本文主要推荐几种不同的方法证明微分中值定理，同时对微分中值定理加以应用，如在数学理论中和数学建模中的应用。

Based on the first derivative value of band at sensitive wavebands, the linear function model was established. R^2 of 0.7818 and 0.5899. This research shows that chlorophll in formation of reflecting apple growing status can be preciously obtained by using hyperspectral remote sensing.

基于敏感波段的微分数值；建立了一阶微分光谱值与苹果叶片SPAD值和叶绿素含量的回归模型；确定系数分别达到0.7818和0.5899；为利用高光谱遥感技术反映苹果生长状况的叶绿素信息提供了依据。

Qualitative theory, which directly judges the qualitative properties of solutions by ordinary differential equations themselves, is very important in the study of ODEs.

定性理论在常微分方程的研究中是十分重要的，它是由常微分方程来直接研究和判断解的性质的理论。

In chapter 3,we discuss the existence of solutions for impulsive differential equations with two-point boundary condition.

通过使用脉冲不等式和分析方法，得到了一阶脉冲微分方程周期边值问题新的比较结果，借助所给的新的上下解，结合单调迭代技巧，建立了一阶脉冲微分方程周期边值问题极值解的存在结果。

Two-point boundary value problem subject to nonlinear second order differential equation is applied in engineer and technology science.

非线性常微分方程边值问题是微分方程研究领域中一个较为实际，其发展也较为活跃的一个分支。

Based on the upper and lower solutions method,under suitable conditions,existence of solution of a three-point boundary value problem forthird-order ordinary differential equation with nonlinear mixed boundary conditions is obtained.

基于上下解方法，在一定条件下，得到了一类带有非线性混合边界条件的三阶常微分方程的非线性三点边值问题解的存在性，作为上述存在性结果的应用，在推论中给出了一类三阶非线性微分方程三点边值问题解的存在性。

To reduce or remove size effect, the size classification elimination method, volume average method and normalization method based on volume were presented and the calibration and prediction results indicate that these three methods could reduce or remove the size effect effectively. The normalization method is more suit to in-line application and obtained better calibration and prediction results with the r of 0.789, 0.858 and 0.947, the RMSEC of 0.596, 0.499 and 0.313, and the RMSEP of 0.606, 0.686 and 0.413 than the results without normalization with the r of 0.716, 0.793 and 0.848, the RMSEC of 0.678, 0.592 and 0.515 and the RMSEP of 0.825, 0.764 and 0.714 for the original spectra, the first derivative spectra and the second derivative spectra with soluble solids content using partial least square method , respectively. 4. Owing to much thick skin of watermelon, contrast experiment was conducted in skin-peeled watermelon and intact watermelon to compare the influence of skin on spectra.

针对西瓜果型大且差异显著的特点，研究果型差异对可见／近红外光谱以及建模与预测结果的影响，并提出三种方法消除或减小这一影响因素，分别是分级消除法、体积平均法和基于体积的正则化方法，其中基于体积的正则化方法，更适合在线生产应用，该方法使果型大小差异明显样品的原始光谱、一阶微分光谱、二阶微分光谱在对可溶性固形物含量检测时，采用偏最小二乘法的建模与预测结果由原来的校正相关系数r分别为0.716、0.793、0.848提高到r分别为0.789、0.858、0.947，均方根校正标准偏差RMSEC由原来的0.678、0.592、0.515分别降为0.596、0.499、0.313，均方根预测标准偏差RMSEP由原来的0.825、0.764、0.714分别降为0.606、0.686、0.413； 4。

Main contents are as follows :In chapter one, we give a survey to the development and current state of the oscillation of differential equations and difference equations. We also introduce some preliminary material , including some basic concepts of the oscillation theory and some important fixed point theorems.In chapter two, we investigate the oscillation of second order self-conjugate differential equation with impulses.

本文由五章组成，主要内容如下：第一章概述了微分方程及差分方程的应用背景和国内、外研究状况，这一章也包括一些预备知识，如有关微分方程、差分方程理论的基本概念和重要的不动点定理。

The self-adjoint boundary-value problems and spectral theory of differential operators are important and fundamental problems in the operator theory.

微分算子自伴边值问题及谱理论是算子理论的重要而基本问题，它是同微分方程、数学物理和量子力学的某些重要问题相联系而发展起来的。

This one mode pays close attention to network credence foundation of the businessman very much.

这一模式非常关注商人的网络信用基础。

Cell morphology of bacterial ghost of Pasteurella multocida was observed by scanning electron microscopy and inactivation ratio was estimated by CFU analysi.

扫描电镜观察多杀性巴氏杆菌细菌幽灵和菌落形成单位评价遗传灭活率。