循环常数

When scaled factor circulant matrices are nonsingular, we can find the single solution of the scaled factor circulant matrix equation; When scaled factor circulant matrices are singular, we can find the special as well as the general solution of the scaled factor circulant matrix equation; There is only an error of approximation when the fast algorithm is implemented on computers, and only the elements in the first row of the scaled factor circulant matrix and the constants in the diagonal matrix are needed by the fast algorithm.

当鳞状因子循环矩阵非奇异时，该快速算法求出线性方程组的唯一解；当鳞状因子循环矩阵奇异时，该快速算法求出线性方程组的特解与通解。该快速算法仅用到鳞状因子循环矩阵的第一行元素及对角矩阵中的对角上的常数进行计算。在计算机上实现时只有舍入误差。

On the basis of the peak absorption values of the visible spectra of MB, the dimerization constants and the molar absorption coefficients of the monomer and the dimer of MB were calculated.

根据MB特征峰处的吸收光谱值，计算了MB的二聚平衡常数和相应单体、二聚体的摩尔消光系数。并用稳态荧光法和无外加探针的循环伏安法进一步论证了计算结果。

Similar to the border trap capacitance at low-frequency C-V curves, additional recombined charge per cycle at low-frequency charge pumping measurements could be attributed to the repetitive recombination of majority and minority carriers which instantly tunnel into and out of the border traps located near the high-k/oxide interface.

如同在低频电容—电压图形中的边界缺陷电容值一般，在低频电荷泵浦方法中所量测到的额外每单位循环再结合电荷载子数目，皆可归因於反覆的多数与少数载子再结合，而此一现象主要发生於高介电常数介电层/二氧化矽氧化层介面附近的边界缺陷。

The constants in the curves are estimated by a mathematical programming method to be in agreement with the maximum likelihood principle. Availability of the approach has been indicated by an analysis of the S-N data of 45＃ carbon stell-notched specimens (kt=2.0) subjected to fully reversed axial loads.

曲线中的材料常数按极大似然原理采用数学规划法求出。45＃碳钢缺口试样kt＝20）对称循环加载试验数据的分析说明了方法的有效性。

The author argued that noncyclic, flat and hyperbolic models lead to some pathologies in the phase space.

本文主旨是，只有时间上循环和空间封闭的，具有一个很小或0值的宇宙学常数的宇宙模型在物理上才是可接受的。从相空间看，其他模型将导致一些病态现象。

Eleven α-V-group cation-substituted toluenes (1) and acetophenones (2)were synthesized. The equilibrium acidities of these compounds were determined indimethyl sulfoxide solution by the "Overlapping Indicator Method" and the homolytic C-Hbond dissociation energies were derived from a thermodynamic cycle combining pKawith oxidation potential of carbanion.

合成了α-位有第V、Ⅵ主族元素杂正离子取代基的甲苯系列（1）和苯乙酮系列（2）共11个Ylide前体化合物，用重迭指示剂法首次测定了其在二甲亚矾溶剂中的酸性解离常数PKa，同时结合碳负离子氧化电位的测定，通过热力学循环估测了它们的气相均裂键能。

Result and conclusion: The electrochemical experimental results show that the two totally irreversible oxidation peaks in the region of 0.3-1.2 V vs SCE for both MT and SR were observed,and the electrode reactions processes were diffusion-controlled.Their electron transfer number n and electron transfer coefficient α were obtained by CV and electrolysis with coulometry.The diffusion coefficient D and rate constant k f were also calculated by CC and CA.

结果与结论：在0.30~1.2 V电位窗口内，MT和SR均产生1个不可逆氧化峰，并且它们的电极反应均受扩散步骤控制；用控制电位电解库仑法和循环伏安法得到MT和SR的电极反应电子转移数n和电荷转移系数α，运用计时库仑法和计时电流法测定了它们的扩散系数 D 及电极反应速率常数kf。

The existence ofpolar nanoregions dramatically influences the extrinsic dielectric nonlinearityof paraelectric phase. 5 Slow relaxations of field induced piezoelectricresonance of paraelectric barium stannate titanate were observed after eitherapplying or removing a DC bias field. This phenomenon is attributed to slowspace charge dipoles formed by injected homocharges and validated by theobservation of a negative piezoelectric constant. Isothermal study ondielectric constant and discharging current after application or removal of astep field were performed. The relaxation laws in ferroelectric andparaelectric phases are different. The transportation of homocharges arebelieved to be responsible for the strong relaxation behavior in paraelectricphase. Domain wall can trap space charges thus the relaxation in ferroelectricphase is relatively weak. Abnormal phenomena, such as slim-waisted hysteresisloops, abnormal C-V curves and clockwise reversible hysteresis loops observedin barium stannate titanate ceramics, were attributed to pinning of gatheredpoint defect on domain walls.

5研究了直流电场施加和撤除引起的钛锡酸钡顺电相场诱压电谐振慢弛豫现象，认为这是同极性空间电荷注入形成空间电荷慢偶极子导致的，观察到的负压电常数证实了这个观点；研究了等温条件下阶跃电压作用下介电常数和放电电流的慢弛豫现象，发现钛锡酸钡陶瓷的铁电相和顺电相呈现不同的宏观性能时间依赖规律，认为是同极性空间电荷的输运过程导致了顺电相样品呈现强的弛豫行为，铁电相中存在畴壁捕获空间电荷的机制因而其弛豫行为较弱；研究了钛锡酸钡陶瓷中束腰电滞回线、反常 C-V 曲线和顺时针可逆电滞回线等反常现象，将其归因于点缺陷的聚集对铁电畴畴壁的钉扎作用，多次电场循环有助于解除这种钉扎状态，减弱反常特征。

The formal potentials in cyclic voltammograms of these 3+ valence complexes are followed: Co〓-TPPS (-0.08V )＞Fe〓TPPS (-0.14V)＞Mn〓-TPPS (-0.23V). The electrochemical reaction of Mn〓-TPPS is reversible, and both of Co〓-TPPS and Fe〓-TPPS are quasi-reversible. The standard heterogeneous rate constants of Co〓-TPPS and Fe〓-TPPS were determined to be 1. 4×10〓cm/s and 1.4×10〓cm/s respectively. The rates of electrode reaction are as followed: Mn〓-TPPS＞Co〓-TPPS＞Fe〓-TPPS, e.i. Mn〓-TPPS is the most easily oxidized by the dissolved oxygen, and Fe〓-TPPS is oxidized slower than Co〓-TPPS. Ni〓-TPPS can not be oxidized. It is considered that oxygen plays an important role in the valence change of central metal atom and the rate of electron transfer in some metalloporphyrins.

三价金属卟啉络合物在循环伏安图上可得到三价到二价的还原和氧化响应，电极电位从大到小排列为：Co〓-TPPS(-0.08V)＞Fe〓-TPPS(-0.14V)＞Mn〓-TPPS(-0.23V)，电极反应可逆性也不相同，Mn〓-TPPS是可逆过程，Co〓-TPPS、Fe〓-TPPS是准可逆过程，实验测得Co〓-TPPS的标准电极反应速率常数ks＝1.4×10〓cm/s，Fe〓-TPPS的ks＝1.4×10〓cm/s，电极反应的速率从大到小为：Mn〓-TPPS＞Co〓-TPPS＞Fe〓-TPPS，即Mn〓-TPPS最容易被溶解氧所氧化，Fe〓-TPPS被氧化的速度最慢，Ni〓-TMPyP不能被氧化，因此我们认为溶解氧对金属卟啉中心离子的价态和电子转移速率起着重要作用。

The absorption and distribution of chromium were studied in ryeusing nutrient culture technique and pot experiment.

采用不同浓度K2CrO4(0，0.4，0.8和1.2 mmol/L)的Hoagland营养液处理黑麦幼苗，测定铬在黑麦体内的亚细胞分布、铬化学形态及不同部位的积累。

By analyzing theory foundation of mathematical morphology in the digital image processing, researching morphology arithmetic of the binary Image, discussing two basic forms for the least structure element: dilation and erosion.

通过分析数学形态学在图像中的理论基础，研究二值图像的形态分析算法，探讨最小结构元素的两种基本形态：膨胀和腐蚀；分析了数学形态学复杂算法的基本原理，把数学形态学的部分并行处理理念引入到家实际应用中。