得到

The vapour and plasma ignition times of the target are got based on the equation of heat conduction and cascade model. We suppose that the plasma is ignited when 210 generations of new electrons are born in vapour generation time. The influence of temperature on the thermodynamics and optics parameters of material also have been considered in the model. The resulting theory has good agreement with the experiment and overseas report. A blade method to measure the laser spot is given in this paper with validation and error analysis. The plasma threshold of metals in atmosphere and water ambients both are diagnosed with the light deflection and piezoelectric transducer. A Q-switched pulsed Nd:YAG laser operating at infrared (1064nm), visible(532nm) and ultraviolet (355nm) wavelengths has been used. Al、Fe、Cu are used as targets and get a similar results with both method. Theoretical and experimental analyses are applied on the influence of wavelength on the threshold have been done, both of which have shown that the plasma threshold of metals decrease as the laser wavelength increases; The plasma threshold of metals are higher in water than in air and the pressure of the shock wave in water is five times higher than in air.

从热传导方程和雪崩电离机制出发，假设当电子增值2~(10)倍时，考虑了温度对材料热力学和光学参数的影响时，得到了气化和等离子体点燃的时间，利用该模型进行计算得到的结果与国内外报道及自行通过实验测得的阈值基本一致；提出了利用刀刃法测量激光光斑面积的方法，并通过实验进行了验证和误差分析；利用光偏转装置和压电换能器分别对空气和水中金属等离子体点燃阈值进行了实验诊断，激光器均为调Q—YAG激光器(波长1064nm，532nm，355nm，脉宽10ns)，靶材分别为Al、Fe和Cu，两种测试方法得到的等离子体点燃阈值基本一致；本文从实验和理论计算两个方面讨论了波长对等离子体点燃阈值的影响，均得到了等离子体点燃阈值随着波长的增加而减小的结论；对空气中和水中不同环境下金属等离子体的点燃阈值进行了比较研究，得到了金属在水中的等离子体点燃阈值比空气中的大，且水中产生的冲击波的压强是空气中的5倍左右的结论。

This is a project to use the three-dimensional space vector/point type and related functions, they can be defined using a space vector/point, the realization of vector translation, scaling and rotation, the use of correlation function can also be the realization of the two vectors fork x, the absolute length of a vector, a vector unit, and get a three-point decision to the vertical plane of the vector, be the distance between two points in space, by the two vectors point multiplication by the two vectors angle, such as operations, for the use of user-friendly, each function are detailed notes, I hope all of you useless.

详细说明：这是一个项目时使用到的"三维空间向量/点"类及相关函数，使用它们可以定义一个空间向量/点，实现向量的平移，缩放和旋转等，使用相关函数还可以实现两向量的叉乘，得到一个向量的绝对长度，将一个向量单位化，得到一个三点决定的平面的垂直向量，得到空间中两点的距离，得到两向量的点积，得到两向量的夹角等操作，为方便用户的使用，每个函数都有详细的注释，希望对大家有所用处。

Goal compound synthesis namely: Take the vanillic acid as outset raw material, obtains 4- hydroxyl - 3- anisole methyl formate with the methyl alcohol reflux conditions, then after the etherification, the nitration, the return to original state, the ring closure response obtains 6- methoxy - 7- animal pen oxygen radical kui zuo lin - 4- alkone, then passes through the chlorination, the substitution aniline, to escape responses again and so on animal pen oxygen radical, etherification to obtain the goal compound; The goal compound and the diethylamine had the amine substitution reaction to obtain TM1, namely 4- benzene amino - 6- methoxy - 7- [2- hydroxyl - 3-(N, N- two ethyl aminos) third oxygen radical] kui zuo lin; Through zuo has the etherification with the Austria niter to respond obtains TM2, namely 4- benzene amino - 6- methoxy - 7- [2- hydroxyl - 3-(2- methyl - 5- nitryl imidazole) third oxygen radical] kui zuo lin.

目标化合物的合成即：以香草酸为起始原料，与甲醇回流条件下得到4-羟基-3-甲氧基苯甲酸甲酯，然后经过醚化、硝化、还原、环合反应得到6-甲氧基-7-苄氧基喹唑啉-4-酮，然后再经氯化、取代苯胺、脱苄氧基、醚化等反应得到目标化合物；目标化合物与二乙胺发生胺取代反应得到了TM1，即4-苯氨基-6-甲氧基-7-[2-羟基-3-丙氧基]喹唑啉；通过与奥硝唑发生醚化反应得到TM2，即4-苯氨基-6-甲氧基-7-[2-羟基-3-(2-甲基-5-硝基咪唑)丙氧基]喹唑啉。

Synthesis of target compounds namely: to vanillic acid as the starting material with methanol under reflux conditions for 4 - hydroxy -3 - p-methyl, then ether, and nitration, reduction, cyclization reaction 6 - methoxy -7 - benzyloxy-quinazoline -4 - one, and then by the chloride in place of aniline, benzyloxy-off, such as etherification reaction of the target compounds; target compounds with the second and third occurrence of substitution reactions of amines by the TM1, that is, 4 - amino-benzene -6 - methoxy -7 - [2 - hydroxy -3 -(N, N-diethyl amino) oxy c] quinazoline; with ether occurred Ornidazole reaction of TM2, namely, 4 - amino-benzene -6 - methoxy -7 - [2 - hydroxy -3 -(2 - methyl -5 - nitroimidazole) C oxy] quinazoline.

本论文以嘌呤类似物喹唑啉为母核，分别在其4位和7位引入结构多样的取代苯氨基和柔性侧链，设计了一系列4-取代苯胺基-6-甲氧基-7-(2-羟基取代丙氧基)喹唑啉类化合物。目标化合物的合成即：以香草酸为起始原料，与甲醇回流条件下得到4-羟基-3-甲氧基苯甲酸甲酯，然后经过醚化、硝化、还原、环合反应得到6-甲氧基-7-苄氧基喹唑啉-4-酮，然后再经氯化、取代苯胺、脱苄氧基、醚化等反应得到目标化合物；目标化合物与二乙胺发生胺取代反应得到了TM1，即4-苯氨基-6-甲氧基-7-[2-羟基-3-丙氧基]喹唑啉；通过与奥硝唑发生醚化反应得到TM2，即4-苯氨基-6-甲氧基-7-[2-羟基-3-(2-甲基-5-硝基咪唑)丙氧基]喹唑啉。

Signals of before and after NR decoding are entered to subtracter to obtain error signal, which is multiplied by imaginary part of the output of equalizer FIR so as to obtain output of discrimination phase.

本发明包括一个复均衡器的FIR、DFE、复乘器、加法器、NR解码器、减法器、实乘器、累加器、限幅器，它与均衡器结合，使解调后处理得到的复信号由I和Q路组成，经过复均衡FIR，输出仍为复信号，它与总相差φ复乘，进行相位解旋，之后取出实基带信号与DFE输出送入加法器得到均衡器输出，进入一个NR解码器后得到信号送入DFE作为输入，NR解码前后的信号进入减法器得到误差信号；它和均衡器FIR输出的虚部相乘得到鉴相输出，去噪声和限幅后进行相位解旋，去除相位偏差和相位抖动。

30U、P30W、P30S1 and P30S2 were isolated from PIP30, and P60U、P60W、P60S1 and P60S2 were isolated from PIP60, and P1W、P1S1 and P1S2 were isolated from PIWE1-10, and P10W、P10S1 and P10S2 were isolated from PIWE10-100, and P100U、P100W、P100S1 and P100S2 were isolated from PIWE100 using DEAE Sepharose F. F. The proliferation rates of lymphocyte in vitro of each polysaccharide fractions obtained during the isolation and purification were detected in order to observe their immune activities. The results showed that crude polysaccharides both obtained from ethanol precipitation and ultrafiltrate had the promoting effects on lymphocyte proliferation in various degrees. P30U、P30W、P30S1、P30S2、P60U、P60W、P60S2、P1S1、P1S2、P10S1、P10S2、P100U、P100W、P100S1 and P100S2 had the promoting effects on lymphocyte proliferation.

IP30经阴离子交换层析(DEAE-Sepharose Fast Flow)得到分级多糖P30U、P30W、P30S1和P30S2，PIP60经阴离子交换层析得到分级多糖P60U、P60W、P60S1和P60S2，PIWE1-10经阴离子交换层析得到分级多糖P1W、P1S1和P1S2，PIWE10-100经阴离子交换层析得到分级多糖P10W、P10S1和P10S2，PIWE100经阴离子交换层析得到分级多糖P100U、P100W、P100S1和P100S2；采用体外刺激淋巴细胞增殖实验对离子柱分级分离的多糖进行活性实验表明P30U、P30W、P30S1、P30S2、P60U、P60W、P60S2、P1S1、P1S2、P10S1、P10S2、P100U、P100W、P100S1和P100S2是有活性的。P60W、P60S1、P1S1、P10S1和P100S1经凝胶柱(Sephacryl S系列材料)层析获得五个纯多糖组分P60w1、P60s1、P1SP1、P10SP1和P100SP1。

Spiral Spirobifluorene acetylated is oxidated by m-chloroperoxybenzoic acid and hydrolyzed by sodium hydroxide ,obtaining 2,2 '- dihydroxy -9,9'- spiral Spirobifluorene .Through nitrification,Reduced by hydrazine hydrate, we may get the 2,2 '- diamino -9,9'- spiral Spirobifluorene which are characterizated by IR, 1H-NMR !

L-酒石酸和乙醇酯化得到酒石酸二乙酯，将保护羧基保护起来，然后用碘甲烷在2，3-位上两个甲基，得到2，3-二甲氧基-酒石酸二乙酯，再用氢氧化钠将其水解，得到2，3-二甲氧基-酒石酸，用五氯化磷将羧基酰化，得到2，3-二甲氧基- 1，4-丁二酰氯，经过与二环己胺反应，得到拆分配体2，3-二甲氧基–N，N，N'，N'-四环己丁二酰胺。

Uhoo Uhooo But I'm getting stronger and stronger Uhoo Uhooo But I'm getting stronger and stronger Midnight turns to morning, I don't get lot sleep I know that you are out there somewhere, being someone else's treat Have think us knows just how to please me Chance run down my spying And when you wake up spill your kisses, I am shivering inside it I get my Inside out, and my headache won't stop I fail to not look back, as I'm bouncing down the wrong track Half way up your smile going down, but I'm getting stronger and stronger.

哦，哦，哦但我得到越来越坚强哦，哦，哦但我得到越来越坚强午夜转向早晨，我不得到全部睡眠我知道，您是那里某处，是别人的款待有认为我们会取乐我机会运行在我暗中侦察下并且当您叫醒溢出您的亲吻，我发抖在它里面我得到我的里面，并且我的头疼不会停止我不看，因为我弹起在错误轨道下半方式您的微笑下来，但我得到越来越强。

Uhoo Uhooo But I'm getting stronger and stronger Uhoo Uhooo But I'm getting stronger and stronger Midnight turns to morning, I don't get lot sleep I know that you are out there somewhere, being someone else's treat Have think us knows just how to please me Chance run down my spying And when you wake up spill your kisses, I am shivering inside it I get my Inside out, and my headache won't stop I fail to not look back, as I'm bouncing down the wrong track Half way up your smile going down, but I'm getting stronger and stronger.

Uhoo Uhooo 但我得到越来越坚强 Uhoo Uhooo 但我得到越来越坚强午夜转向早晨，我不得到全部睡眠我知道，您是那里某处，是别人的款待有认为我们会取乐我机会运行在我暗中侦察下并且当您叫醒溢出您的亲吻，我发抖在它里面我得到我的里面，并且我的头疼不会停止我不不看，因为我弹起在错误轨道下半方式您的微笑下来，但我得到越来越强。

China"s stock markets had made a great progress after 14 years" development, their functions of financing, resource disposal, liquidity providing and company management bettering had got well exerted. This means the function efficiency had been improved.2.As for the market structure, operating method and regulations conditions, the participants" structure and quality had been increased fast, the transaction cost had been greatly reduced, and issuing and liquating method had become more fair and effective, the relative laws and regulations had been better and better, the operation efficiency had been improved.3.Compared with other stock markets, China"s stock markets" indexes had performed a good random walk property, which means that the pricing efficiency had been improved.4.Compared with other advanced markets in the world, by and large, on the basis of China"s rapid improvement on economy recently, China"s stock markets" efficiency was relatively low.

根据分析研究，本文的主要结论和观点如下： 1、中国股市14年来的发展取得了重大进步，其融资、资源配置、提供流动性以及改善公司治理等功能都得到了良好的发挥，功能效率程度得到提高； 2、从股市结构、运作机制和体制环境来看，股市主体的结构和质量有了快速提高，交易成本大大降低，发行和流通方式更加公平、有效，各项法律法规也不断得到完善，其运作效率程度得到提高； 3、与世界主要股票市场相比，中国股市指数的随机游走特性逐渐良好，说明14年来，中国股市定价效率得到了快速提高； 4、中国股市与世界先进市场相比，综合来看，考虑到中国股市的发展背景和近几年国民经济的快速发展，其效率还是较低的。

The absorption and distribution of chromium were studied in ryeusing nutrient culture technique and pot experiment.

采用不同浓度K2CrO4(0，0.4，0.8和1.2 mmol/L)的Hoagland营养液处理黑麦幼苗，测定铬在黑麦体内的亚细胞分布、铬化学形态及不同部位的积累。

By analyzing theory foundation of mathematical morphology in the digital image processing, researching morphology arithmetic of the binary Image, discussing two basic forms for the least structure element: dilation and erosion.

通过分析数学形态学在图像中的理论基础，研究二值图像的形态分析算法，探讨最小结构元素的两种基本形态：膨胀和腐蚀；分析了数学形态学复杂算法的基本原理，把数学形态学的部分并行处理理念引入到家实际应用中。