径面

In this paper four non-spherical surface types have been chose, ellipsoid surface, parabolic surface, pointed arch surface and conical surface. Base on the best fineness ratio, four surfaces are modeled, and their properties are analyzed in detail.

本文选择椭球面、抛物面、尖拱面、圆锥面这四种非球面面型整流罩，在基于整流罩最优的长径比的基础下，对各种情况分别进行建模，并对其光学性能进行了详细分析。

This series of lathes for turning internal and external cylindrical surface, conical surface, and other rotating surface, turning a variety of metric, imperial, modulus and diametral pitch threads, and can pull the drilling and oil and so on.

商品简介：本系列车床适用于车削内外圆柱面，圆锥面及其它旋转面，车削各种公制、英制、模数和径节螺纹，并能进行钻孔和拉油槽等工作。

It can turn inner and outer cylindrical surfaces, taper surface, other swing and end surfaces, and also can process metric, inch, diametrical and module threads, drill and ream holes, broach oil groove. It is widely used in the lines of machinery, electronics, equipment, meter, light-duty industry and medical for single or mass production, and can also be used as household tool.

它可车削内外圆柱面、圆锥面和其它回转面及端面，能够加工公制、英制、径节、模数螺纹，也能钻孔、铰孔、拉油槽等，因而广泛适用于机械、电子、仪器、仪表、轻工、医疗等行业的单件或小批生产，也可作为家庭工具使用。

The capacity is large, which can reach above 75% space of the drum. Only 1:1 liquid percentage would meet the technical requirement, the water consumption is small. The liquid in the drum can reach 3/4 level of drum. Therefore the fall of the skins is only 0.7 meter at maximum. The liquid moves as the pattern "8" in the drum, which can reduce skin defects such as grain cracking, loosing and so on.

装皮量大：装载率可达到75%以上，耗水极少，一般液比在1：1以上即可满足工艺要求，机械作用适中，鼓内液面可达鼓径3/4以上，因此皮张最大落差只有0.7m左右，且皮液在鼓体转动时呈∞字型作副运动，可减少裂面、松面、黑漆不掉等质量缺陷。

Because the horizontal lathe craft scope is quite widespread, may in the turning the outer annulus cylinder, the circular conical surface, the ring channel, the solid of revolution formation surface, the turning end surface and each kind of commonly used metric system, the British system, the mold notational system, the pitch system thread, but also may carry on drills the center bore, the drill hole, the broaching, reams, work and so on tapping, wrap thread and knurling.

因为卧式车床的工艺范围相当广泛，可以车削内外圆柱面、圆锥面、环形槽、回转体成型面，车削端面和各种常用的公制、英制、模数制、径节制螺纹，还可以进行钻中心孔、钻孔、扩孔、铰孔、攻螺纹、套螺纹和滚花等工作。

The results show that the turbulence intensity, fouling cleaning intensity and pressure drop increase with the increase of flow velocity, particle size and the volume fraction. The effect of liquid-solid fluidzed-bed cleaning fouling depends on the reasonable combination of flow velocity, particle size and the volume fraction. Through an integral consideration of water saving and energy saving and uniformity of fouling cleaning, the optimum flow velocity of flow, particle size and volume fraction are 2.0 m/s~2.5 m/s, 3 mm~4 mm and of 5%~8 vol%, respectively.

结果表明：流体的湍流强度、壁面污垢清洗强度和压力降均随流速、颗粒粒径和体积分数的增加而增加；液固流态化清洗防垢除垢效果取决于流速、液固颗粒粒径和体积分数的合理组合；综合考虑节水节能及污垢清洗的均匀性，高炉冷却壁的最佳流速为2.0~2.5 m/s，固相颗粒粒径为3~4 mm，体积分数为5%~8%。

The results indicate that Pt-based alloys appear circular shape and distributehomogeneously on the carbon, the particle size is homogeneous and about 2～4nm. The crystalline form is platinic face-centered cubic and most of crystalplane is Pt(111), the doped metal elements dont form simple substance and existas Pt-M alloy formation.

研究表明，制备的Pt基合金微粒基本呈圆形，金属颗粒在活性炭表面上分布均匀，粒径也较为均匀，粒径范围约2～4 nm，晶型结构仍以Pt面心立方晶系存在，晶面以Pt(111)居多，掺杂的元素原子未单独形成单质颗粒，而是以Pt-M合金的形式存在。

Copper nanoparticles were modified by surface modifier, methyl - methylacrylate, and minified by use of fluid-flow comminuted method, the disper sity and dispersion stability of the modified copper nanoparticles as additive i n CD 15W/40 engine oil were evaluated by high velocity centrifuger; its morpholo gy and particle size were tested by TEM and XRD analysis; and its tribological p roperty in CD 15W/40 engine oil was investigated by ball on pan tribo-tester.

采用化学改性法与液流粉碎机械法对纳米铜微粒进行了表面改性和分散研究，采用高速离心机考察了表面改性后纳米铜微粒作为添加剂在CD15W/40柴油机油中的分散性及分散稳定性，采用TEM、XRD测试了表面改性纳米铜微粒的形貌及粒径大小，采用球盘磨损试验机考察了表面改性纳米铜微粒作为CD15W/40全配方调配油添加剂的摩擦学性能，用SEM、EDS观察了磨损表面的形貌、线扫描、面分布及元素含量，分析了纳米铜微粒在摩擦过程中的减摩润滑机理。结果表明：甲基丙烯酸甲酯化学改性结合液流粉碎方法处理后纳米铜微粒的粒径进一步均匀、细化，平均粒径为24nm，并在CD15W/40油中分散性好，悬浮稳定时间长。

In the jig design process, mainly locates by V shape block and the support plate, depends on the straight clamp and the spring clamps, drills turns diameter two to be supposed to use long trades quickly drills the wrap, when drills turns the diameter incline hole uses the plane incline the jig body, when drills turns the diameter incline hole uses is the horizontal-type drilling machine, when face milling 2 V shape blocks and the milling cutter cannot interfere ,therefore V shape block altitude must reduce, the jig design must be convenient, be simple.

在夹具的设计过程中，主要以V形块和支承板来定位，靠直压板和弹簧来夹紧，钻拐径两孔应采用长型快换钻套，在钻拐径倾斜的孔时采用平面倾斜的夹具体，在钻拐径倾斜的孔时使用的是卧式钻床，铣面时2个V形块与铣刀不能干涉，因此V形块高度要降低，夹具设计要方便、简单。

The characters of contact lines on the rollers within four kinds of cylindrical cam mechanisms are analyzed first using the theory of conjugating surfaces and the conclusion got then that cylindrical cams ′ contours are not torses in this paper.

在此基础上，认为圆柱凸轮廓面在理论上只有用等径刀具才能精确加工，非等径刀具只能近似加工，并讨论了等径加工的合理方法以及非等径加工的研究方向。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。