往复运动

Power-law fluid is used to describe the Non-newtonian rheological property of the produced fluid in a polymer-driving well; the governing equations, boundary and initial equations of power-law fluid in eccentric annuli with the inner cylinder reciprocating axially is established in bipolar coordinates system; formulas of instantaneous flow rate and stress distribution on the outwall of the inner cylinder of the unsteady flow of power-law fluid in eccentric annuli with the inner cylinder reciprocating axially are established.

在理论上，用幂律流体模型描述了聚合物驱油井产出液的非Newton流变性；建立了双极坐标系下幂律流体在内管做轴向往复运动的偏心环空中非定常流的控制方程及边界条件和初始条件方程；建立了双极坐标系下幂律流体在内管做轴向往复运动的偏心环空中流动时瞬时流量和流体在内管壁上的压力分布计算公式。

In this paper,the Newtonian fluid model was used to describe rheological property of the produced fluid,and motion equation of unsteady flow of Newtonian fluid in eccentric annulus with the inner cylinder reciprocating axially was transformed by means of the method of undetermined coefficients.

采用Newton流体模式描述油井产出液的流变性，利用待定系数法变换Newton流体在内管做轴向往复运动的偏心环空中非定常流的运动方程，建立给定流量下Newton流体在内管做轴向往复运动的偏心环空中非定常流的压力梯度计算公式，并利用有限体积法对压力梯度进行数值计算。

Taking HPAM solutions as an example, the unsteady flow of power-law fluid in eccentric annuli with the inner cylinder reciprocating axially is calculated; the distribution of velocity, flow rate and stability parameter is obtained; taking HEC solutions as another example, the flow of second order fluid in eccentric annuli with the inner cylinder moving axially is calculated too; the distribution of velocity and stress is obtained; the effect of eccentricity and axial movement on stress distribution on the outwall of the inner cylinder is analysed.

在理论上，分别用二阶流体和幂律流体模型描述聚合物驱油井产出液的非Newton流变性；分别建立了双极坐标系下二阶流体和幂律流体在内管做轴向往复运动的偏心环空中非定常流的控制方程及边界条件和初始条件方程；建立了幂律流体在内管做轴向往复运动的偏心环空中流动的稳定性参数和流体在内管壁上的压力分布计算公式；建立了二阶流体在内管做轴向运动的偏心环空中流动的流体在内管壁上的压力分布计算公式。

The theoretical and computational results show that an important reason resulting in eccentric wear of the inner cylinder and the pumping rod lies in the nonuniformity of the stress distribution on the outwall of the inner cylinder which yields excentralization effect of the pumping rod when swabbing fluid flows in eccentric annuli with the pumping rod moving axially in a well.

在实验上，通过不同重量百分比浓度的HPAM水溶液在内管做轴向往复运动的偏心环空中非定常流实验，把由理论公式算得的时间平均流量与实验中测得的时间平均流量做了比较，验证了本文数值计算幂律流体在内管做轴向往复运动的偏心环空中非定常流方法的正确性；上述的理论与计算表明，抽油机井杆管偏磨的一个重要原因是，在聚驱工况下，抽汲液体在抽油杆做轴向运动的井筒中流动时，抽汲液体作用在抽油杆外壁上的压力分布的不均匀性所引起的抽油杆在井筒中的偏心效应。

The small end of connecting rod acts to-and-fro movement, and the big end of acts circumvolve movement. The connecting rod body acts complex plane movement. The connecting rod is one of the accessories that endures heavy load. And at the same time it endures gas pressure transmitted from the piston, the to-and-fro inertia force and inertia force engendered when itself swings.

连杆工作的小端作往复运动，大端作旋转运动，杆身做复杂的平面运动，连杆是承受负荷最严重的零件之一，同时承受着活塞传来的气体压力、往复惯性力和它本身摆动时所产生的惯性力的作用，这些力的大小和方向周期性变化，易引起连杆疲劳破坏。

On the research of reciprocating pump,if the linear motor-driven piston or reciprocating plunger being applied,the structure of reciprocating pump will be greatly simplified.And the movement of the piston can be changed so that the flow of pump is constant;Meanwhile easily to achieve automatic control,and when using the intelligent control system,easily to implement automated production.

在往复泵的研究中，如果采用直线电机直接驱动做往复运动的活塞或柱塞，那么往复泵的结构将大为简化，泵总体结构紧凑，系统效率高；并且可以通过改变活塞的运动规律，使泵的流量恒定；同时便于实现自动化控制，若采用智能化控制系统易于实现自动化生产。

On the research of reciprocating pump, if the linear motor-driven piston or reciprocating plunger being applied, the structure of reciprocating pump will be greatly simplified.

在往复泵的研究中，如果采用直线电机直接驱动做往复运动的活塞或柱塞，那么往复泵的结构将大为简化，泵总体结构紧凑，系统效率高；并且可以通过改变活塞的运动规律，使泵的流量恒定；同时便于实现自动化控制，若采用智能化控制系统，易于实现自动化生产。

A new way of exchange between rotation and reciprocating motion through planetary driving was introduced, which was different from the one realized by piton pump moving with cam, brace and link.

采用行星齿轮传动方式实现从旋转到直线的往复运动，不同于现有柱塞泵由凸轮、曲柄连杆或斜盘实现往复运动的方式，没有滑靴等高压力作用下高速滑移的元件。

Reciprocating piston pump is the use of the reciprocating motion of the pump for the transmission of liquid through the piston back and forth movement of the energy directly to the form of hydrostatic transmission fluid.

往复泵是利用活塞的往复运动来输送液体的泵，靠活塞的往复运动将能量直接以静压能的形式传送液体。

The flow parameters, which controlled the heat transfer phenomena in the coolant channel of the piston, are identified; the experimental facilities and program will be established in accordance with the parametric conditions experienced by a real marine diesel engine. The experimental result for the flow within smooth-walled duct under the reciprocating motion will be used as the reference datum to assess the results for the study of heat transfer augmentation. As an attempt to enhance the cooling performance, the ribs will be installed in the coolant channels which flow was orthogonal mode for the piston moving direction. Finally, the results obtained for the tests with heat transfer augmentation devices will be compared with the smooth-walled test results.

本研究计画利用座标转换理论，对受到与往复运动正交方向之流场进行参数分析，建立控制此流场热传性能之参数后，模拟实际船舶主机运转时活塞之冷却情形并进行实验量测，作为评估活塞冷却之基准，然后应用现行已实用於工业界的技术，在与往复运动正交方向之圆形冷却通道中加装凸起物以增加热传效能并予以测量其热传系数及其相关之物理现象，据以讨论此流场受往复力之影响，在周向不同位置之热传情形以及其与平行於往复运动方向之流场的差异。

The absorption and distribution of chromium were studied in ryeusing nutrient culture technique and pot experiment.

采用不同浓度K2CrO4(0，0.4，0.8和1.2 mmol/L)的Hoagland营养液处理黑麦幼苗，测定铬在黑麦体内的亚细胞分布、铬化学形态及不同部位的积累。

By analyzing theory foundation of mathematical morphology in the digital image processing, researching morphology arithmetic of the binary Image, discussing two basic forms for the least structure element: dilation and erosion.

通过分析数学形态学在图像中的理论基础，研究二值图像的形态分析算法，探讨最小结构元素的两种基本形态：膨胀和腐蚀；分析了数学形态学复杂算法的基本原理，把数学形态学的部分并行处理理念引入到家实际应用中。