影响传导的

This makes more and more people pay more attention to studies and applications of numerical simulation in thermal recovery. In this research, we have developed a reliable mathematical model for thermal recovery, which takes a full consideration of the effect of viscos, gravitical and capillary forces on the three-phase flow of gas, water and oil, the effect of the temperature on the medium characteristics of liquid and solid, the phase equilibrium of gas-liquid in each component, heat transportation including connection, conduction and radiation as well as heat losses in both the overburn and underlying strata. In the space discreation of the mathematical model, we have proposed a new method based on the improvement of the conventional nine-points difference approximation, which has a higher difference accurancy.

本项研究以热力采油的主要机理为基础，充分考虑在粘性力、重力和毛管力作用下油水气三相流动，考虑温度对各种流体和固体介质物性的影响，考虑每一组分中汽液两相的相平衡，考虑热在地层中的传导、对流和辐射以及上下盖层的热损失，利用热力学第一定律、质量守恒定律和流体迁移定律，建立了正确可靠的注蒸汽数学模型；在对数学模型进行空间离散时，利用控制有限体积积分法，对以往的九点差分近似作了合理的改进，使其具有较高的差分近似精度：结果表明，该公式的近似精度要比以往文献中所给的九点差分近似精度高，可以认为，在油藏数值模拟中，如果遇到非均质情况，使用这种九点差分近似更合理。

In this thesis, two electrochemical activation methods and two activation solution were used to obtain four types of the activated GC electrodes. Effects of electrochemical activation procedure on the structure, the size, the distribution and the type of electron transfer site on electrode surface have been investigated. Application of electrochemical activation GC electrode has been exploited in electroanalysis of metal ions. Meanwhile, the essence structure and character of electron transfer site of sp2 hybridized carbon material have been explored.

在本论文研究中，通过采用酸性和碱性两种活化溶液，分别以两种不同的电化学活化方法，获得了四种不同的活化电极表面；调查了电化学活化方法对电极表面的电化学活性点的种类、尺度大小、结构以及分布的影响规律；拓展了电化学活化玻碳电极在电分析领域中的应用；探索了sp2杂化类碳材料电极在电子传导点的性质和结构上存在的本质共同点。

It is the key factor regulating programmed cell death in pathogen,evocator and hormone responses.H_2O_2 has also been proved to play the signal role in defensive response to environmental stresses.H_2O_2 is known of directly regulating the expressions of numerous genes and some of these genes relate to plant defense and hypersensitive response.H_2O_2 also interacts with other signal systems,especially hormone signal system,and forms upstream or downstream components of hormone-mediated signal-transmitting passageways;more importantly,H_2O_2 also work to exert influence on or modify other secondary signals such as calcium signal between which and H_2O_2 many interactions take place;and both of these two signals regulate interactive tolerances of plants.

已知H2O2直接调节无数基因的表达，其中有些基因与植物防御和超敏反应有关。H2O2还与其它信号系统特别是激素信号相互作用，是激素介导的信号传导通路上的上游或下游组分；更重要的是H2O2还影响和修饰其它第二信使如钙信号的作用，在H2O2信号和钙信号之间发生众多的交互作用且这两种信号分子都调节植物对多种胁迫的交互耐性。

Takingthe contact stress, bend stress stiffness and temperature stress as thecondition, taking the weight of the kiln tyre as optimization aim function, theredia and the width of the tyre are optimized General optimize methods justconsider the affecting of the parameters to aim function, but in fact,structural parameters(such as structure dimension, interval and so on),physics and dynamics (damp factor, conduct factor, friction factor material'selastic module strength limits and so on), which would be changed afterused.

一般的优化方法，仅仅考虑了参数对其目标函数的影响，而实际情况下有些参数是变化的，产品的结构参数、物理和力学参数如阻尼系数、传导系数、磨擦系数、材料的弹性模量和强度极限等的设计值与制造后和使用中的实际值会有差异，这种差异称为设计变量和噪声因素的变差。

In the analysis, firstly, the flux boundary condition is used to simulate the frictional heat resource between wheel and rail. The non-steady heat transfer between the contacting surfaces of the wheel/rail, heat-convection and radiation between the wheel/rail and the ambient were all taken into consideration. Therefore, a heat coupling model of the wheel/rail in rolling/sliding is put forward to calculate the frictional temperature rise in the wheel and rail. Secondly, after the temperature distribution of wheel/rail, due to friction, is calculated, substitute the thermal load with equivalent fictitious body force and boundary distributed force loaded on the nodes of the corresponding elements. The wheel-load is applied to the center of the wheel.

首先，用热流边界条件模拟轮轨接触界面的摩擦热源，考虑轮轨间的非稳态热传导、轮轨自由表面与环境的热对流、热辐射的影响，建立轮轨滚动接触热耦合有限元计算模型，分析计算轮轨滚、滑工况下的摩擦温升；其次，以求得的轮轨温度场结果作为求解轮轨应力场的已知条件，轮载以集中力形式直接加载于轮心处，将摩擦温升引起的热载荷等效为假想体力和热边界面力，施加于相应的单元节点上，建立了轮轨热—机械载荷耦合作用的热弹性平面应力模型，分析热—机械载荷作用下的轮轨应力场。

This paper mainly consists of three parts:(1) Based on the Reddy's higher-order shear deformation plate theory and general von Kármán-type equations, put forward the governing equations of pre- and post-buckled vibration of several hybrid FGM plate forms which have not been studied adequately, triumphantly applying the perturbation technique combined with Galerkin method into equations solving, and get the comparatively simple result forms with complicated deduction at last;(2) As a new type of materials, piezoelectric fiber reinforced composite actuators were applied to optimal vibration control, interrelated informatons be depicted in this paper;(3) During the investigative cource, some factors not been considered adequently in other researches were discussed fully in the postbuckled vibration analysis, such as the temperature-dependent material coefficients, heat conduction and nonlinear vibration characteristic etc.

本文的研究工作主要包括：(1)基于Reddy高阶剪切变形板理论和广义Kármán型方程，给出了几类现有研究成果较少或没有彻底解决的FGM混合板结构的屈曲前和屈曲后振动特性研究的控制方程，成功将摄动-Galerkin混合法应用于求解过程，并给出了各控制方程相对直观且易于计算的解析解形式；(2)单向压电纤维增强复合材料(Piezoelectric Fiber Reinforced Composite，简称PFRC)是一种新型压电材料，本文将其应用到了结构振动控制研究当中，发现通过压电纤维体积含量的选择可以实现混合板结构的优化振动控制；(3)围绕几种有代表性的FGM混合板结构，讨论其屈曲后的振动特性，在分析中同时考虑热传导，材料物性参数的温度相关性，以及机/热/电荷载耦合效应对非线性振动特性的影响，最后给出了大量数值计算结果。

Through the simulation and analysis, the thermal characteristics of the medium and the thermal effects of laser beam are obtained. A superior pump cooling structure was selected and designed, and it is to be demonstred in this dissertation. 2 The thermal distortion effects in the slab mediam are experimently studied using auxiliary lens、Shearing Interferometer and Mach-Zehnder interferometer.

建立热效应分析模型，从热效应理论基础出发，就适合板条激光介质泵浦源的两种泵浦安排和三种常见的泵浦几何结构进行详细的理论分析，分析比较激光介质的热特性以及对激光束热效应的影响，最终选择出较优越的泵浦冷却结构，为传导冷却板条激光振荡器的设计提供参考依据。

At the same time, this article construes the deep system reason on agriculture investing deficiency.

同时对农业投融资的基本理论、国内外研究现状进行了系统概括，为本论文研究提供科学借鉴；其次，对我国农业投融资的现状和问题进行了系统研究，指出农业投资的相对不足和不稳定性已成为我国农业发展的&瓶颈&约束，并且通过产业关联的传导和放大对整个国民经济的持续协调发展产生影响，加快农业投资体制改革已迫在眉睫，并对农业投资不足的深层制度原因进行了剖析。

In chapter3, information is divided into two basic types, the marginal equation of bond price and short-term interest variations is established, thus the security price variations and the price equilibrium of other assets (risk security non-risk security are included) are analyzed by the implement of portfolio Theory.

第三章将债券的价格均衡划分为两大基本类型，建立了债券与短期利率变动的边际方程，运用组合原理分析债券价格变动与其它资产（包括风险证券和无风险证券）的价格均衡关系，通过比较收益原理建立了债券以市场均衡收益为折现参数的价值方程，并通过实证检验了该模型的合理性；第四章，分析了内部信息与价格的传导原理，建立了非完全信息市场条件下价格传递信息的做市商模型和预期模型，并讨论外部信息与内部信息对股票价格影响的非一致性。

In chapter3, information is divided into two basic types, the marginal equation of bond price and short-term interest variations is established, thus the security price variations and the price equilibrium of other assets (risk security non-risk security are included) are analyzed by the implement of portfolio Theory. Finally the bond value equation which takes equilibrium return as its yield Parameter is established through the theory of comparative return. In chapter 4, the intra-information and the transferable system of price is emphasized and the market-maker model and expected model under non-perfect information market conditions are established, and the disaccord of the influence of extra-information and intra-information on the security price is discussed.

第三章将债券的价格均衡划分为两大基本类型，建立了债券与短期利率变动的边际方程，运用组合原理分析债券价格变动与其它资产(包括风险证券和无风险证券)的价格均衡关系，通过比较收益原理建立了债券以市场均衡收益为折现参数的价值方程，并通过实证检验了该模型的合理性；第四章，分析了内部信息与价格的传导原理，建立了非完全信息市场条件下价格传递信息的做市商模型和预期模型，并讨论外部信息与内部信息对股票价格影响的非一致性。

Singer Leona Lewis and former Led Zeppelin guitarist Jimmy Page emerged as the bus transformed into a grass-covered carnival float, and the pair combined for a rendition of "Whole Lotta Love".

歌手leona刘易斯和前率领的飞艇的吉他手吉米页出现巴士转化为基层所涵盖的嘉年华花车，和一双合并为一移交&整个lotta爱&。

This is Kate, and that's Erin.

这是凯特，那个是爱朗。