形成血栓的

Firstly, the establishment of model requires sophisticated neurointerventional techniques and costly interventional materials(sacculus, minikin circlip ring, endovascular electrocoagulation), it not only consumed time but also increased the resesrch expense ; Secondly, although the Massoud model is the first successful model that contain the nidus, but it is far from mimicking the high-flow fistulae frequently observed in a brain AVM; Thirdly, the rapid spontaneous thrombosis result in fistula occlusion in a short time;Fouthly, the model's natural course and the long–term patency of fistula are unclear;Currently the model is only used for the short-term research.

但Massoud模型目前存在以下主要缺点：第一，模型的建立需要复杂的神经介入技术和昂贵的介入材料(球囊、微弹簧圈、血管内电凝等)，操作费时，又大大增加了研究费用；第二，Massoud模型虽然首次具备了畸形血管团，但它远不是我们临床上常见的含有高流量动静脉瘘的脑AVM；第三，颈动静脉吻合口自发性血栓形成进而导致引流静脉闭塞的机率很高；第四，Massoud模型的长期自然过程和动静脉吻合口的长期通畅性尚不清楚，目前仅仅作为急性期模型。

The primary end point was the incidence of definite/probable early, subacute, and late stent thrombosis at 6-month follow-up.

在6个月的随访中主要终点是确诊的或者可能早期的、亚急性的和晚期的支架血栓形成的发生。

Leucocytic differentiation antigen 40 sign-al access participates in regulation of inflammatory reaction accommodation of major cell component (vascular endothelial cell、vascular smooth muscle cell and macrophage), it is playing critical role in AS process, participates ather-osclerotic occurrence and development ,reside in atherosclerotic plaque cell thro-ugh CD40-CD40L interaction, induce activate by itself , express and secrete profit to happen immune response、inflammatory reaction、hemagglutination t-hrombogenic proteo-cytokine.

白细胞分化抗原40 (CD40)信号通路参与了动脉粥样硬化斑块内主要细胞成分(血管内皮细胞、血管平滑肌细胞以及巨噬细胞)炎症反应的调节，其在AS进程中扮演着关键性的角色，参与了动脉粥样硬化的发生和发展；存在于AS斑块内的细胞通过CD40-CD40L相互作用，导致自身活化，表达和分泌了有利于免疫应答发生、炎症反应、血凝和血栓形成的蛋白质细胞因子，如激活在AS斑块中的关键性细胞成分如黏附分子、炎症因子、基质金属蛋白酶等的产生，导致斑块的不稳定和破裂，而最终导致粥样硬化斑块病变的恶化。

Immunohistochemistry method was used to determine the expression of thrombomodulin , it showed that TM was expressed in the endothelial cell surface and the intracellular bridge of normal nasopharyngeal squamous cells, but in NPC cells was negative.

血栓调节蛋白(Thrombomodulin，TM)为一种能与凝血酶结合的质膜蛋白，有广泛的生物学活性，主要分布于血管内皮细胞实体性肿瘤的血管形成是近十年来研究得较多的一个领域。

The results showed that the sheep had fibrinous pneumonia and lymphocyte interstitial pneumonia, which were typical pathologic changes of this disease. Remarkable changes were observed in the lung: fibrinous exudates, infiltration of inflammatory cells, pleura thickening, interstitial edema, hemorrhage and formation of thrombiand lymph clot. The heart, liver and kidney had different degeneration degree. Reactive hyperplasia presented in bronchales lymphonodi.

结果发现该病例具有胸膜肺炎的典型病理变化，呈现纤维素性肺炎和淋巴细胞性间质肺炎，纤维素性物质的渗出和炎性细胞的浸润很明显，肺胸膜增厚，同时在肺间质还可见水肿、出血、血栓和淋巴栓的形成；另外心、肝、肾也均有不同程度的变性，淋巴结呈反应性增生。

It is believed that change in one or several mediators menti oned above may trigger thrombosis after electrical injury.

一项或多项的止血启动的分子标志物的综合性变化都可能参与血栓形成的基础。

Other contributing factors include trauma to the extremities, hypercoagulable states ( Trousseaus's syndrome in patients with carcinomas; protein C or S deficiency; use of oral contraceptives), heart failure, pregnancy, and older age.

其它促使血栓形成的因素又包含了手足的损伤，血液处于高凝状态（癌症患者的 Trousseaus 综合征、蛋白 C 或蛋白 S 的缺乏、口服避孕药的使用），心力衰竭，怀孕和高龄等因素。

Prof. Bauer: There are two types of HIT, the so-called HITT, which refers to the type that when people develop HIT they already have new thromboses and obviously have to be treated.

Bauer教授：有两种类型的HIT，一是所谓的HIT，是指那种发生HIT时已有新的血栓形成的患者，他们显然必须接受治疗。

It is found to relate to atherosclerosis, increasing tension of coronary artery, coronary vasospasm, coronary thromboses and vascular restenosis after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty that endothelium reduce generation and re lesae of EDRF/NO.

随着内皮分泌功能的发现，人们逐渐认识到内皮不仅仅是具有单纯弥散屏障作用的细胞成份，它还有：1、调节血管舒缩；2、防止血栓形成；3、大范围的激素调节；4、促使或抑制内皮本身和血管平滑肌细胞的增生；5、调节儿茶酚胺、血小板产物的代谢和失活等作用。

EVA coated Paclitaxel-eluting stent can inhibite the neointimal hyperplasia in stented areas of coronary arteries one month after stent implantation in mini-swine model, which shows markeding promising of this product manufactured in Chinese factory. But the stent can also delay the reendothelialization of the intima and have the potential risk of late thrombosis as observed in studies of TAXUS stent, which suggests the importance of antipletelet therapy in clinical practice.

用该多聚物涂层制成的紫杉醇药物洗脱支架明显减少带药量的情况下可抑制1个月时猪冠状动脉新生内膜增生，均有开发、生产的前景，但和TAXUS紫杉醇洗脱支架一样可造成血管再内皮化及内膜修复延迟，且有造成晚期血栓形成的风险，提示临床应用中应加强抗血小板治疗。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。