形成者

By the introducing the concept of embodied alterity as the original experience of religion, Thomas Csordas asserts that 'outside of horizon' will be the most essential resource of religious experience, that, according the views of French post-structurism, religious feeling pour out involuntarily.

本研究采用宗教现象学的取向，借重Thomas Csordas的引介，将异己性（他者性，alterity）作为圣世界的经验溯源，而以乔治巴塔耶的宗教理论为主要的发展核心，试图从实徵与理论两个层面包抄，发展癌末处境的圣世界之内涵，其中最具关键的问题在於(1)圣世界经验的发生应先排除语言的干预，使圣世界的发生完全在真切经验自然涌出：(2)圣世界经验的源头应为「域外」，那是非领域、非知，因此，研究问题遂在於「域外何以发生」；(3)圣世界的形成，本质上被假设为「异质跳接」，所以圣世界的复合逻辑应是由常人、医疗、宿缘以及无缘他者四者的逻辑平面交叠、挤压而形成多重皱摺，本研究试图通过病房田野，以实徵资料解明复合逻辑的内涵。

Anisotropically etched insulative sidewall spacers are formed over opposing sidewalls of individual of said transistor gate lines within the peripheral circuitry area prior to forming anisotropically etched insulative sidewall spacers over opposing sidewalls of individual of said transistor gate lines within the memory array area.

在所述存储器阵列区域内的所述晶体管栅极线中的个别者的相对侧壁上形成各向异性蚀刻的绝缘侧壁隔离物(40)之前，在所述外围电路区域内的所述晶体管栅极线中的个别者的相对侧壁上形成各向异性蚀刻的绝缘侧壁隔离物(34)。

Typhoons are cyclonic storms that occur in the western Pacific area and are called hurricanes in the western North Atlantic.

台风是在西太平洋海域形成的气旋暴风，在北大西洋西部形成者则称为飓风。

Results Extensive and diffuse synovial hyperplasia can be seen in patients with RA;synovial pannus formation can be seen in 25 cases.

结果RA组病人均可见广泛、弥漫的滑膜增生，其中25例病人可见滑膜血管翳形成，而OA组仅7例病人可见轻度滑膜增厚，未见滑膜血管翳形成者(X2=55.78P.005)；RA组关节软骨及软骨下骨改变较严重且弥漫，而OA组软骨退变则较局限，且以关节摩擦大的部位受损为著，其软骨下骨改变较为局限，常常见于IV软骨退变；关节腔积液、半月板及韧带改变，在OA组与RA组之间无差异。

This paper therefore examines the development of "the folklore Pai-Chang of Peking opera aria in Tainan city" through literature review depth-interview oral history and participant observation The concept frame is culture organism as the vertical axle and elements of a folklore activity as the transverse axle There are several significant findings about the general picture of this subject: During the late period of Japanese colonial era Tainan local people who played Peguan music learned Peking opera aria and tried to bring Peking opera aria into the folklore Pai-Chang which was one kind performance and traditional custom of Peguan music Some people who came from other places and played Peking opera aria had also known or learned "Pai-Chang" with touching Tainan local amateurs "Pai-Chang" used to be performed by amateurs for worship of god or goddess or for seasoning and wedding celebration without rewards Amateurs volunteered to perform "Pai-Chang" only for their duty temples and fraternity of Peking opera aria The majority of the audience is people who perform or like "Pai-Chang" or who live nearby There is a fixed pattern of the performance including the repertoire and the arrangement of the band The main meaning of this performace is to pray God's blessings therefore the procedure of "Ban-Hsian" is the most essential and ahead of Peking opera aria singing With time goes by the number of the amateurs has dropped; yet the demand for the worship ceremony remains; hence some of the amateurs have been trained to become professional performers Besides although the idea and the meaning of "Pai-Chang" remains the pattern of the performance has become simplified and rigid which is because of the performers' number decreasing and market adapting Nowadays the whole ecosystem of the folklore Pai-Chang of Peking opera aria in Tainan city keep changing which is mainly influenced by the transition of the society(such as the time and space of the industrial and commercial society being compressed and most people's pursuing of specialization and utilitarianism etc ) According to the findings in this paper the phenomenon can be regarded as the subject matter both of Peking opera and folklore studies For the studies of the Taiwanese culture however the subject not only enriches the subject matters of the Taiwanese culture(signifies the localization of Peking opera and a new pattern of Taiwanese folklore) but also reflects the characters of diversification integration adaptation and compromise of Taiwanese culture which used to be influenced by different regimes and the historical contexts Facing such a multicultural context this paper thus suggests researchers should show an open-minded attitude toward the complex of the Taiwanese culture studies and then important phenomenon would not be ignored or misunderstood

代表了什麼意义？对於上述疑惑，查既有研究成果，不消没有论述者，具体提即「京调排场」现象的可说没有，基於此，有必要对台南市及其周边之民俗性京调排场，不管是语汇来由或者其现象本身，做一番研究。本研究透过文献、访谈、口述史、参与观察等方法，以文化有机体之纵的发展概念为经，以民俗表演之横切面各主客要素为纬，试图先对此文化现象调查并推论出一概貌：台南市民俗性京调排场的形成，是在京调传入台南，台南本地北管子弟改习或兼习京调后，结合北管音乐文化所固有的排场表演型态及民俗演出传统，融合而成，形成时间至迟在日治晚期。而一些不同时期的外来京调人士(如原本生长於其他地区、后移住台湾的票友，和中国大陆琴师等等)，也曾透过与当地子弟的接触，而习得或知晓「排场」语汇以及本地京调排场习俗者。此项音乐民俗表演在过往多由业余子弟於神诞或民众婚俗做寿时，对其有义务或交陪的庙宇及子弟间做酬酢性的演出，不收报酬；聆赏者多是京调同好与邻近民众，也有少数路过者；演出模式包括节目安排、乐队编制皆有一定；表演意涵上以「扮仙」祈求神明赐福人间最为重要，因此排仙必不可少，且一定先於京调演唱。随著时间推移，京调排场表演活动的各要素都有变动，惟变迁速度不一，大体而言，业余表演者锐减，人们对酬神娱神节目的需求仍在，因此一些过往的业余表演者遂逐渐转型为职业表演者。此外，虽然表演意涵不变，但在职业表演人员少、又要适应市场的情况下，表演模式亦逐渐流於简化、僵化。目前京调排场整体生态仍在转变的过程中，而这种变化应与工商社会时间空间的被压缩、事事追求专业化与尼Q化等因素有关。再者，据此概貌，在结论部分厘清其意义、定位以及其对台湾文化研究之启示。台南市及其周边之民俗性京调排场现象，可视为京剧研究与民俗研究的一环，然而对於台湾文化研究，除了其题材本身标志了京剧的本土化与台湾民俗活动之新类型，进一步扩充整体台湾文化研究的内容外，更重要的是现象背后所反映的台湾文化的多元融合与妥协适应取向。台湾的海岛地理位置与长期被不同文化背景政权所殖民的历史，其文化自然容易随社会环境改变而弹性适应变迁，呈现多元纷呈、多重覆叠的特色，因此展望未来，从事台湾文化研究应秉除单一观点，保持一定程度之开放与客观胸襟，方不忽视或误识更多重要的文化现象。

To pay attention to carry out effective cardiopulmonary resuscitation, hemostasis by compression and deep vein intubation rapidly in the initial stage of emergency. The carotid shunt tube plays an important role in severe carotid injury and re-establishment process. We use external jugular vein to transplant and re-establish,which are rung with artificial blood vessels for the long distance carotid injury and achieved the best result. We expose as fully as possible for the hepatic venae and the posthepatic post caval injury,and adopt effective methods to stop bleeding and repair. The application of blood shunt pump could raise the success rate for those severe patients. The self-double vastransplantation with both ends being all trousers-style one opening solve some problems such as there are no suitable caliber self-transplantation blood vessels and the artificial blood vessels are easy to occur obliteration for long-term and so on for the great or middle blood vessels.We use improved Fogarty duct and anterograde intubation to eliminate thrombus could eliminate thrombus effectively and avoid accessory injury for the deep vein injury and extensive thrombosis.

抢救初期要注意进行有效的心肺复苏、压迫止血和快速进行深静脉插管；颈动脉转流管在严重颈动脉损伤重建过程中有重要作用；对长距离颈动脉损伤用颈外静脉移植外环包人造血管重建，可取得最佳效果；对肝静脉及肝后下腔静脉损伤，要充分暴露，采用有效方法止血和修复，对病情极危重的凶险性出血者，血液转流泵的应用可提高成功率；对大、中血管损伤，两端均为裤式单开口自体双血管移植，解决了无适宜口径自体移植血管和应用人造血管远期易闭塞等问题；对深静脉损伤并广泛血栓形成者，应用改进的Fogarty导管和顺行插管取栓法，可有效取栓并避免了副损伤。

To pay attention to carry out effective cardiopulmonary resus-citation,hemostasis by compression and deep vein intubation rapidly in the initial stage of emergency.The carotid shunt tube plays an important role in severe carotid injury and re-establishment process.We use external jugular vein to transplant and re-establish,which are rungwith artificial blood vessels for the long distance carotid injury and achieved the best result.We expose as fully as possible for the hepatic venae and the posthepatic post caval injury,and adopt effective methods to stop bleeding and repair.The application of blood shunt pump could raise the success rate for those severe patients.The self-double vastransplantation with both ends being all trousers-style one opening solve some problems such as there are no suitable caliber self-transplantation blood vessels and the artificial blood vessels are easy to occur obliteration for long-term and so on for the great or middle blood vessels.We use improved Fogarty duct and anterograde intubation to eliminate thrombus could eliminate thrombus effectively and avoid accessory injury for the deep vein injury and extensive thrombosis.

抢救初期要注意进行有效的心肺复苏、压迫止血和快速进行深静脉插管；颈动脉转流管在严重颈动脉损伤重建过程中有重要作用；对长距离颈动脉损伤用颈外静脉移植外环包人造血管重建，可取得最佳效果；对肝静脉及肝后下腔静脉损伤，要充分暴露，采用有效方法止血和修复，对病情极危重的凶险性出血者，血液转流泵的应用可提高成功率；对大、中血管损伤，两端均为裤式单开口自体双血管移植，解决了无适宜口径自体移植血管和应用人造血管远期易闭塞等问题；对深静脉损伤并广泛血栓形成者，应用改进的Fogarty导管和顺行插管取栓法，可有效取栓并避免了副损伤。

It is experienced that with insufficieut insertion of standard knife, the short-knife is indicated to make stepwise small precuts; the needle-knife is good for eschars followed by the bow-knife, for that incapable of incising by way of the orifice, needle-knife can be applied at the ampulla above the orifice to open one or two " windows ", through which the opening is extended.

认为凡乳头不能满意插入切开刀者，应先改用短小的切开刀作逐段切开，焦痂形成者宜先用针型切开刀切开焦痂，而后再用弓型切开刀向上切开。确难以从乳头开口切开者，则改用针型切开刀作乳头开窗并扩大切开。

The goal setting process included the supervisor showed concern about the supervisee's need, the supervisee expected professional suggestion from the supervisor, and both party achieved agreement on goals. The task implement process included the supervisor's reframing the supervisee's view of points, suggesting counseling strategies, giving positive feedback, exploring personal issues, shifting supervision focuses, and also included the supervisee accepting the supervisor's ideas, giving positive feedback, expressing different ideas from the supervisor, and participating actively. The bond forming process included the supervisor's understanding, supportive, concerned, and the supervisee's trust and feeling comfortable about the relationship;The forth stage was after each session. Because of fulfillment of needs, the supervisee prepared again and thus became a circle of alliance building.

设定督导目标历程包含督导者关切督导需求、受督导者期待专业建议，以及双方目标趋向一致；执行督导任务历程包含督导者这方重新框架视野、建议谘商策略、给予正向回馈、处理个人议题、督导焦点依受督导者需求转移，以及受督导者这方接受督导者想法、回馈督导效果、表达不同想法、积极参与督导；建立情感连结历程包含督导者这方了解受督导者、支持陪伴、关心生活，以及受督导者这方信任督导者的专业能力、感到关系自在；(4)每次督导之后：受督导者知觉到满足需求，再次预先准备，如此形成循环至督导正式结束。

This polarity is maintained with great seriousness: manipulators and manipulated, actors and imitators, simulants and simulated, stupefiers and stupefied face one another in a fine symmetry.

这种极端一直严肃认真地维持着：操纵者和被操纵者；演员和仿效者；模拟者和被模拟者；麻木者和被麻木者，他们相互看着对方，并且相互之间很好地形成了对称。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。