形成突触

The table of contents include 15 parts, early events in neural development; neuronal differentiation; pattern and positional information; movement and migration of neurons; axon outgrowth and the generation of stereotyped nerve patterns; neuronal death during development; trophic effects of targets on neurons; long-term effects of neurons on their targets; formation of synapses; selective synaptic connections; the molecular basis of neuronal recognition; rearrangement of developing neuronal connections; maintenance and modifiability of synapses; the development of behavior; principles of neural development.

内容包括15部分，早期神经发育事件；神经细胞分化；模式与位置信息；神经元运动及迁移；轴突生长与固定的神经模式的形成；发育过程中的神经细胞死亡；对神经细胞靶向的营养效应；神经细胞对它们靶向的长期效应；突触形成；选择突触连结；神经细胞识别的分子基础；发育过程中神经细胞连结的重置；突触保持和改变；行为发育；神经发育原理。

Sperry showed that the regenerated retinal axons always innervated the original sites of termination in the optic tectum. This experiment strongly disprove the resonance hypotheses proposed by Paul Weiss, who suggested that the nerve growth and synapse formation are largely random events, and the precision of connections between nerve cells emerged by selectively eliminating the inappropriate connections, only at later developmental stage.

Sperry的实验在支持Cajal假说的基础上，进一步明确发育过程中轴突的生长及突触的形成具有内在决定性，并且有力地反驳了当时占主流地位的由Paul Weiss于1930～40年代提出的resonance hypothesis，后者认为轴突的生长和突触的形成大多是一些随机事件，成年脑中的精确联系是通过对随机形成的不恰当联系进行选择地消除形成的。

Occasionally an unmyelinated fiber bundle contained the same kind of substance.

轴—树突触是本文中各种免疫反应纤维终末所形成突触的主要形式。

Pentylenetetrazol is a central nervous system drug that induce chronic and acute epilepsy model to study epileptogenous mechanism .Kindling is a natural epileptogenous phenomenon.

我们前期研究工作发现：应用电镜、Timm染色等从形态结构方面已证实在点燃前神经元发生了可塑性改变包括苔藓纤维芽生，新突触形成(突触密度增大或数量增多)与突触重排等，但这些只是一个初步探索，仍不能够说明问题的全部，如其分子生物学基础、神经元凋亡情况等尚不清楚，需进一步研究探讨。

Gliosis is resulted in TLE. The synapse consists of the presynaptic and postsynaptic terminals, which in many synapses are surrounded by glial cell.

颞叶癫痫可导致神经系统胶质增生，突触后终端与胶质细胞之间形成突触，突触后终端的树突棘的形态学的变化引起突触结构的改变，与胶质细胞之间形成的突触为异位突触，引起海马内环路性质的变化，从而提高致痫性。

The possible neurotransmitters mediating VLF-EPSPs were excitatory amino acids and non-NMDA receptors were critically involved in these synaptic transmissions,for both VLF-EPSP and glutamate-induced response were similary and almost completely abolished by kynurenic acid and DNQX.

提示VLF中的下行纤维可能与MN的胞体或近端树突形成突触，而背根或腹根中传入纤维与MN的远端树突联系。

The newborn neurons distributed throughout the telencephalon, mainly in the neostriatum caudale, and pars medialis;(3) Ultrastructural observation showed that newborn neurons in the NCM had the same morphologic characteristics as mature neurons and they formed synaptic connections with distant targets.

这些神经元不均匀分布在端脑的全部。新纹状体尾端中部是新生神经元的富集区；③电镜观察表明，NCM脑区中的新生神经元具有一般神经元特征并与周围神经元形成突触。

LTP is though to involve the release of one or more retrograde messengers from the postsynaptic cell that act on the presynaptic terminal to enhance glutamate release. One candidate retrograde messenger is the membrane permeant gas NO.

NO从突触后释放通过扩散作用于突触前膜，起逆向信使的作用，增加突触前谷氨酸的释放，使突触前突触后共同参与形成LTP。

Two pathways may belong to the same functional system, though they have some architectural difference. It has been disscussed that some neural structures in the visceral afferent pathway may have some relation to the somesthetic afferent.

在梭形细胞的树突上见到较多的对称性突触，突触前末梢含有多形性囊泡；在卵圆形细胞的远核区和树突上，常见到含圆形囊泡的末梢，与胞体和树突形成不对称性突触。

Using electron microscopy, the SPR-LI products in DCN neurons were seen not only in postsynaptic sites, but also in non-synaptic regions of the perikarya and dendritic profiles.

在电镜下证明SPR免疫阳性产物不仅位于突触后部位而且分布于胞体和树突的非突触部位，有42％的SPR阳性树突与SP阳性终末形成突触连结。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。