形成孢子

Dial-ysed analysis showed that only high molecular components in potato exudate hadpromotion effect,whereas both high and low molecular components in onion exu-date had inhibition effect on zoospore germination and appressorium formation.

分析经透析后的浸出液表明，马铃薯浸出液中仅高分子物质对游动孢子萌发和附着胞形成具有促进作用，而洋葱浸出液中高分子和低分子物质均抑制游动孢子萌发和附着胞形成。

The alternate irradiation of ultraviolet lamp and daylight lamp is favorable for production of pycnidium, and mature pycnidium couldn't form in dark condition.

紫外灯与日光灯交替照射有利于分生孢子器的形成，黑暗条件下不能形成成熟的分生孢子器。

In the late of April of the second year, male inflorescences unbound and pollinated. When female inflorescences accepted the pollen grains, ovary development was increased in early May. With the development of either of the two ovule, funiculus, integument and nucellus were differentiated. Embryo sac mother cell came into being and the meiosis begins. Then fuctional megaspore developed into matured embryo sac that contain eight nucleuses. In the end of May, double fertilization generated.

次年，4月下旬，雄花序解螺旋散粉，雌花序开花授粉；5月上旬，雌花序授粉后，迅速增长，子房膨大，两个胚珠分化出珠柄、珠被和珠心，珠心中产生孢原细胞；5月中下旬，大孢子母细胞形成并减数分裂，功能性大孢子形成成熟的八核胚囊；5月底，发生双受精。

Ovule development began in August, and rectangle megasporocyte began to occur in December, and linear tetrads of megaspores were formed in meiosis. In most occasions, only the chalazal megaspore was functional.

云南红豆杉胚珠从8月开始发生，大孢子母细胞12月开始发生，呈方形，减数分裂后形成4个"一"字形大孢子，在大多数情况下，只有靠合点端的大孢子发育为功能大孢子。

The results showed that pathogen conidia germination germ tube after the invasion from pore to complete the required invasive 12h ~ 48h, the 10d show symptoms around, 16d browser ripe conidia; host bacteria cause symptoms of infection, the mycelium from the Under surface of leaf across the mesophyll cells, in thin-walled small positive inter-leaf assembly, and finally the formation of conidia, and conidia generated subepidermal parenchyma cells in between, a certain randomness.

结果表明：病菌分生孢子萌发后产生芽管从气孔侵入，完成侵入需要12h～48h，大约到10d显示症状，16d分生孢子器成熟；病菌侵染寄主引起症状后，菌丝多从叶背面跨过叶肉细胞，在叶正面薄壁细间集结，最后形成分生孢子器，分生孢子器产生于表皮下薄壁细胞之间，具有一定随机性。

The reproductive development process of birch was described as follows: Male inflorescences extended from apical bud in early June. In later June, stamen primodium was differentiated in the bract of male inflorescence and the differentiation of bract was generated in female inflorescence. During July, anther layers and archesporial cell were differentiated in anther, then archesporial cell developed into mother microspore cell. Pistil primodium came into being at the same time. In early part of August the meiosis of mother microspore cell started. In later August, mono-nucleus microspore was formed. After September, both male inflorescence and female inflorescence were dormant.

白桦的生殖生长发育过程如下：6月初，雄花序从顶芽中生长出来。6月中下旬，雄花序苞片上分化出雄蕊原基，雌花序分化出苞片。7月，雄花花药分化出花药壁和孢原细胞，孢原细胞演化为小孢子母细胞，雌花序苞腋处分化出雌蕊原基；8月中上旬，小孢子母细胞减数分裂，8月下旬形成单核小孢子；9月后雄花序以单核小孢子状念越冬，雌花序以雌蕊原基状念越冬。

Ovule development began in August, and rectangle megasporocyte began to occur in December, and linear tetrads of megaspores were formed in meiosis. In most occasions, only the chalazal megaspore was functional.

云南红豆杉胚珠从8月开始发生，大孢子母细胞12月开始发生，呈方形，减数分裂后形成4个&一&字形大孢子，在大多数情况下，只有靠合点端的大孢子发育为功能大孢子。

There was no significant effect of U0126 on the filamentous growth and condial production of the 10 tested fungal plant pathogens: S. turcica, Curvularia lunata, Cochliobolus sativus, Fusarium oxysporum, Alternaria solani, Coniothyrium diplodiella, A. alternata, A. porri, Botrytis cinerea and A. brassicae, but the inhibitor can strongly inhibit the spore germination of S. turcica, A.

在PDA培养基上，U0126对玉米大斑病菌、玉米黄斑病菌、小麦根腐病菌等10种植物病原真菌的菌落形态和生长速度没有显著影响，可以形成正常的菌丝、分生孢子，但U0126处理的玉米大斑病菌分生孢子萌发时间晚，芽管短，分生孢子的萌发百分率下降。U0126对分生孢子萌发的抑制程度随着浓度增加而上升，但随着处理时间的延长而下降。

I succeeded in establishing a mycorrhizal symbiosis between S. sinuosa and transformed Ri T-DNA carrot roots for the first time. The S. sinuosa sporocarps were found not to occur as single spores, but were observed to survive in groups of sporocarps in the environment.

利用双重培养方法首次成功培养了S.sinuosa的菌根共生联合体。S.sinuosa不是单个孢子，而是以孢子果的形式存在于自然界中。S.sinuosa孢子果的萌发是从孢子果的四周伸出芽管，在侵染根段的过程中，形成大量的营养孢子。

Biological characteristics of the pathogen and the resistance of 13 cultivars of tea plant to tea brown blight were studied by means of natural infection in the field and artificial inoculation in vitro. Resistant cultivars and susceptible cultivars of tea plant were divided. And the resistance mechanism was researched tentatively. The findings are as follows: 1 Some biological characteristics of the pathogenic fungus The experiment result showed: the optimum temperature for the growth of fungus mycelium was from 24 to 27℃, the optimum temperature for sporulation ranged 22 to 30℃. Treated at 54℃ in 10 minutes, the spores didn't germinate. The optimum pH for the growth of the mycelium was 5.1～5.9, the optimum pH for sporulation ranged 5.0～6.0. Light had no much effect on the growth of fungus mycelium, but had much effect on the reproduction of the spore.

首先，研究了茶云纹叶枯病病菌的生物学特性；其次，通过田间抗性调查和室内人工接种鉴定，对 13 个茶树品种进行了抗病性鉴定；第三，在前人研究的基础上，对茶树抗病机理作了更深入的研究，结果发现： 1 病原菌的生物学特性病原菌的分生孢子萌发的最适温度范围为 24～27℃，菌丝生长的最适温度范围为 22～30℃；致死温度为 55℃；菌丝生长的最适 pH 范围为 5.1～5.9，孢子萌发的最适 pH 范围是 5.0～6.0；光照对病菌生长速度及分生孢子萌发影响不大，但对其产孢的影响很大，特别是有光照与无光照处理之间差异显著，光照有利于分生孢子的形成。

I can not make it blossom and suits me

我不能让树为我开花

When temperatures are above approximately 80 °C discolouration of the raceways or rolling elements is a frequent feature.

当温度高于 80 °C 左右时，滚道或滚动元件褪色是很常见的特征。