形成孢子

By the support of the present project, 3 articles have been published, 4 articles have been submitted to Grana and Acta Botanica Yunnanica etc and some papers is in preparing.

结果表明：蕨类植物孢子外壁和周壁来源于孢子囊内层绒毡层细胞；孢子表面纹饰有的种类由外壁形成，有的种类是由周壁形成；孢子纹饰是在四分孢子形成后迅速形成的，形成的时间很短并比较稳定。

The result indicates that spore germination shapes prothallium at keeping wet, cortrolling temperature and covering with 75% shading rate.

结果表明：在保湿、控制温度、覆盖遮光率为75%的遮阳网的条件下孢子发芽率高，能正常形成原叶体，继续培养均能进入有性世代形成孢子体幼苗，其中在山林腐殖土和壤土按1：1的比例混合的基质上最适于孢子萌发和幼苗生长，出苗量可达3500株/m2；在杭州采集的紫萁孢子萌发后形成的原叶体、孢子体均比在湖北民族学院采集的耐高温性好。

The spore germination and gametophyte development of 21 ferns are studied. It indicates that :① the development period of prothallium and young sporophyte of the same species is different due to seeding time of spores;② the optimal temperatures of spores germination and gametophyte development of 21 ferns are about 15 -24 ℃;③ the rate of spore germination of rare ferns is much lower than the ferns which occur large populations in nature;④ the treatment with GA 3 can accelerate the germination of the spores;⑤ the prothallium changes from large to small, green to yellow when young sporophyte comes out. The prothalliums of all 21 ferns die away after the appear of the 3rd leaf of sporophytes;⑥ shapes of the 1st and 2nd leaves of the young sporophyte are different from those emerged later;⑦ spores cultured in dark can not germinate;⑧ a prothallium can develop only one young sporophyte though it has many archegoniums, and the spore propagation with leaf mould substrate is an economical method.

摘 要：以腐叶土为培养基质，对 21 种蕨类植物进行了孢子萌发和原叶体发育的研究，结果表明：①不同时期播种的同种蕨类的孢子，发育出原叶体和幼孢子体所历经的时间长短不同；②孢子萌发和配子体生长发育的适宜温度约为 15 ～ 24 ℃；③稀有蕨类的孢子萌发率低，而在野外能形成较大种群的蕨类的孢子萌发率高；④用 GA 3 处理孢子可以促进萌发；⑤当原叶体上长出幼孢子体时，原叶体由大变小，由绿变黄， 21 种蕨类的原叶体都在幼孢子体上长出第 3 片叶时消失；⑥幼孢子体上长出的第 1 、 2 片叶在形态上与以后长出的叶不同；⑦孢子萌发需要光；⑧ 1 片原叶体尽管有多个颈卵器，但仅发育出 1 株幼孢子体；⑨利用腐叶土进行蕨类孢子繁殖是一种经济实用的繁殖方法。

Results of gene disruption indicated that sawC is essential to septation during sporulation. Increase of gene dosage of sawC has no obvious effects on morphological differentiation. When sawC was introduced into Streptomyces coelicolor C13 (whiA13), C13 showed phenotype the same as wild strain.

圈卷产色链霉菌中sawC的破坏导致不能形成孢子分隔。sawC基因剂量的增加对形态分化无明显影响。sawC引入天蓝色链霉菌C13(whiA13)中，可使C13恢复野生型表型。

The development of a gametophyte directly from a sporophyte without the occurrence of meiosis or spore formation.

无孢子形成，无孢子生殖，无孢子状态没有经过减数分裂或孢子形成而直接由孢子体进行的配子体发育

If continuously culture, all can enter the sexual generation and shape sporophytic young seedling.

继续培养均能进入有性世代形成孢子体幼苗，其中在山林腐殖土和壤土按1：1的比例混合的基质上最适于孢子萌发和幼苗生长，出苗量可达3500株／m^2；在杭州采集的紫萁孢子萌发后形成的原叶体、孢子体均比在湖北民族学院采集的耐高温性好。

Paraffin slides observation found that the microspore of the RNMS line failed to vacuolate after its morphogenesis, disassembled and disappeared at last. After microspore morphogenesis, the breaking down of tapetum cells was delayed until microspore breading down.

石蜡切片细胞学观察，发现该隐性核不育能形成正常的四分体孢子，四分体释放出小孢子后，在单核花粉进入液泡化时小孢子的发育异常，不进行正常的液泡化，逐渐开始解体和消失；相应的绒毡层在小孢子形成后的降解延迟，绒毡层细胞的体积略有增大，在小孢子降解快结束时也很快解体。

This has been assumed to be an adaptation for dispersal by insects, which are attracted to diseased plants and easily become covered with sticky spores if the fungus is sporulating.

这也许是为了适应于昆虫进行传播，因为真菌形成孢子时，可以把昆虫吸引到感病植物上，很容易地粘附上粘性孢子。

D. audaxviator can also protect itself from environmental hazards by forming endospores – tough shells that protect its DNA and RNA from drying out, toxic chemicals and from starvation.

它们还具有自我保护能力，通过形成孢子内壁避免受到周围环境的污染，孢子内壁是非常坚硬的外壳，可以保护其DNA和RNA不被干燥、不受有毒化学侵袭和避免死亡。

Through the selection of culture medium and the mutant of mycelium that has a high production of PUPAS oil , the oil containing mycelium can be obtained with fermentation, and the dry mycelium contains 42.75挆47.78% oil.

本课题通过研究，选出了深黄被孢霉Mortierellaisabellina株作为摇瓶小试菌株，该株生长快，菌丝多，利用培养基原料能力强，易于形成孢子，生物量49g干菌体/L发酵液，含PUFAs46.61％，其中GLA2.3％。

The concept of equivalent rotationally rigidity is offered and the formula of rotationally rigidity is obtained.

主要做了如下几个方面的工作：对伸臂位于顶部的单层框架—筒体模型进行分析，提出了等效转动约束的概念和转动约束刚度的表达式。

Male cats normally do not need aftercare with the exception of the night after the anesthetic.

男猫通常不需要善后除了晚上的麻醉。