形成主义

The inheritance nature means Mao forms a thought system that is the direct successor of the thoughts of the classic writers by applying Marxism to Chinese revolution.

继承性体现在四个方面：毛泽东党内矛盾和党内斗争思想与马克思主义党内斗争理论诞生于同一时代背景；毛泽东把马克思主义党内斗争理论运用于中国革命的实际；总结了国际共产主义运动党内斗争的历史经验；形成了一个与马克思主义经典作家有关论述一脉相承的党内矛盾党内斗争思想体系。

Bakhtin s translinguistics begins with his criticism on traditional linguistic-philosophical theories,especially on Freudianism and formalism.At the same time,Bakhtin is also influenced by New-Kantism and Marxism.At last,Muscovite ethos also effects in his linguistic ...

巴赫金的语言学思想首先是从批判传统语言哲学理论开始的，特别是对弗洛伊德主义和形式主义的批判，同时，巴赫金又以新康德主义和马克思主义等哲学思想为指导，此外，俄罗斯的民族精神也对其哲学思想产生了一些影响，形成了其独特的语言哲学基础。

The Chinese Marxist epistemology as manifested in the cognitive concepts in Mao Zedong Thoughts, Deng Xiaoping Theory and the "Three Represents" Theory is developed in the process of Marxist- Leninist Thoughts combining with China's reality.

气势磅礴的中国革命、建设和改革的过程，既是马克思主义的基本原理和中国的具体实践相结合的过程，又是马克思主义的中国化的过程，也是中国化的马克思主义形成和发展的过程。

This article starts with a review of the history of the "Expression" conception in the Occident literature tradition,from which to conclude the base connotation of modern "Expression" conception in occident.Relying on this springboard,we analyses the history of the occidental modern plastic arts gradually ,then the naissance and development of the occidental modern plastic arts may boil down to a going-deep course driven by the "Expression" conception:the impressionism which had been pursuing sensual reality brought out a turning point from Representation to expression;Faurism accomplished the consciousness of Expression based on inheriting and criticizing Post-Impressionisme, and resisted the suppressant on Expression by Physical Image; the German Expressionism and Surrealism uplifted Expression at the same time they resisted Physical Image by "Nugatory Physical image"; From the apocalypse of Cubism,Suprematism and De Stijl tended towards Pure Plastic which excluded Physical Image completely,meaning that it had realized absolute Expression in the range of plastic;After WW II,artsists in western detected that Pure Plastic had actually suppressed Expression newly,as a result of Abstract-Expressionism and Mirnirnaliam Art,Expression broke away from Pure Plastic gradually to seek some new possibilities other than plastic.

本文从对西方文艺传统中的"表现"观念的历史考察着手，归纳出西方现代"表现"观念的核心内涵，以此为基点来逐步分析西方现代造型艺术史，进而将西方现代造型艺术的产生与发展归结为在"表现"观念驱动下不断递进的历史进程：印象主义对感觉真实的追求为造型艺术由再现走向表现打开了缺口；野兽派在继承和批判后印象主义的基础上首次实现了表现的自觉，并在艺术中反抗物象对表现的压迫；德国表现主义与超现实主义以不彻底的"否定性物象"来张扬表现反抗物象；至上主义、风格派等则在立体主义的启示下走向完全排斥物象的纯粹造型，在造型的范围内实现彻底的表现；二战后的西方艺术家们察觉到纯粹造型已经掉转头来形成新的对表现的压制；经由抽象表现主义、最低限艺术，表现逐步摆脱了纯粹造型，寻求造型之外的新的表现可能。

Until the end of the first world war,the modern state systems of the arab world were gradually completed. despite of the difficulties, the new dependant countries explored different models of development. they shared the same characters, named westernism, statism, external rentierism, which have great impact on the development of the arab world.

一战后，阿拉伯世界的现代国家体系才逐步形成，新独立的阿拉伯国家在面临诸多困难的情况下，探索出了不同的发展模式，这些模式具有西方主义、国家主义、外贷主义等特点，对阿拉伯世界的发展产生了重大影响。

By 1935 he claimed that the Comintern had fallen irredeemably into the hands of the Stalinist bureaucracy.

希特勒在德国的兴起，这种政策倾向于流行前线政策（旨在团结所有表面上反法西斯的力量，不管它是不是真的表里如一），这使人们对改革主义和和平主义形成了错觉，从而为法西斯主义的复兴扫清了障碍。1935年他又宣称共产国际已经无可救药，完全落入斯大林官僚主义手中。

The natural view within the alienated conception of history is the prelude to Marxist environmental philosoph. The development of theories concerning scientific practice view and the harmonious relations between human and nature indicate the generation of Marxist environmental philosophy. Researchers who hold nature values tend to misinterpret Marxist economics.

异化史观下的自然观是马克思主义环境哲学形成的前奏，科学实践观的提出和人与自然和谐思想的创立标志着马克思主义环境哲学的生成，而自然价值论对马克思经济学思想的误读与现代性困境则构成了马克思主义环境哲学发展的曲折和现代境遇。

This thesis contains three parts.The first part is to explore the polemics of national interests on viewpoints and research methods between idealism and realism.The second part emphasises on study the innovation of research approach on national interests adv ocated by Behaviorism,and traditionalistic revise on its standpoints and research methods under the influence of this.

全文主要分为三个部分：第一部分，主要考察了理想主义和传统现实主义围绕国家利益这个概念在观点上的论争；第二部分，着重探讨了科学行为主义对国家利益研究方法的革新，以及传统主义受其影响的观点与方法修正；第三部分，重点论述了新现实主义与新自由主义关于国家利益的逻辑推导和主要观点，以及建构主义在对理性主义范式批判的基础上所形成的议程焦点。

Her"womanism"plays the positive role to black women\'s movement and critical theory of the black feminism in the 1980s. We can find much influence of her"womanism"in her literature creation, which will build further understanding of her"womanism"too.

她的妇女主义思想对20世纪80年代的黑人妇女运动和黑人女性主义批评理论起到积极作用，对她的小说创作的研究可以使人们对她在创作中所受到的各种影响和她的妇女主义思想形成的原因有进一步的了解。

They are natural sciences, scientific philosophy and psychology itself. At first his view is called social behaviorism, and then paradigmatic behaviorism, and now psychological behaviorism.

斯塔茨整合思想的形成有其自然科学背景、科学哲学背景和心理学背景，其整合观的演变历程为，从社会行为主义发展到范式行为主义，再到心理行为主义。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。