形成主义

He is handsome with wild oats and world-weariness and is living in scene of debauchery, but this doesn't influence his most works during his short life at all. He not only takes in early renaissance drawer Botticelli's accessorized lines and morbidezza female tinge, but also gets the inspiration(replanting the lateral nose to the frontal portraiture) from cubism, introjects the exaggeration way of ancient African woodcutting and brings the Pre-Raphaelite melancholy temperament into play fully so that forms his own extraordinary style from inspiration based on representation. Particularly, his special representation for female nude is noticeable.

他英俊潇洒、放荡不羁，厌世忌俗，终日流连于灯红酒绿之间，然而这丝毫不影响他在短暂的生命中留下大量的画作，他吸取了文艺复兴早期画家波提切利的装饰性线条和柔美女性气息，又从立体主义的建构手法上获得灵感（将侧面的鼻子移植到正面的肖像画中），糅合了远古非洲木雕的夸张方式，又将拉斐尔前派的忧郁气质发挥到了极致，从而形成了自己的以灵感为源以表现为本的独特唯美画风，尤为引人注目的是他对女性裸体画的另类表现。

To Popper,the relationship mainly is that: Moral is the most important thing in the whole human world,science should be based on ethics;Moral and science in nature are radically different;reasonable science activity and reasonable moral practice share common fact foundation, common reverse thinking mode,and common realist and negativist manner.

在他那里，两者关系主要为：其一，道德在全部人的世界中处于最重要的地位，科学应该以伦理学为基础；其二，道德与科学性质是根本不同的；其三，合理科学活动与合理道德实践分享共同的客观事实基础，共同的反向思维方式以及由此形成的现实主义、消极主义态度。

"Occidentalism"(as an inversion of "Orientalism") is a word I would like to use to describe the idea that images of the West in Chinese/Asian/Oriental people's minds, usually constructed by what they see on TV, in the movies, on the internet, in advertisements, ect., often generate fantasies in their minds and therefore an Utopia of their own.

"西方主义"这个词我在这里用来描述一个事实，即中国人/亚洲人/东方人日常在电视、电影、互联网、广告等媒体上获得的对西方的印象往往给他们造成一种幻想，于是形成他们自己脑中的乌托邦。

American orientalism has its root in Europeans' distorted impression of the Orient.

在以欧洲移民为主的美国，其东方主义的形成正是根植于欧洲移民对东方扭曲的想象。

The study focuses on "value diversity", and explores it step by step with a route of "Review -Rethink and Criticism -Construction and Transcendence -Application"From a historical perspective, the study reviews and summarizes western educational evaluation theories and technology development, describes evaluation methods of so-called first three generations evaluation methods, and analyzes historical critique of them, including their failure to accommodate value-pluralism, a tendency towards managerialism, and the overcommitment to the scientific paradigm of inquiry; and then further points out that the fourth generation evaluation methods can be introduced for their effective response to problems of value-pluralism. The study focuses on the characteristics and ideology of the fourth generation evaluation theory; based on which, the research work investigates the social and cultural foundations of education evaluation theory and technology formation development from the dimension of the evolution of values foundation, the impact of social ideology and methodology conversion.

研究从历史的视角回顾、梳理了西方教育评价理论与技术的发展，对称之为前三代评价的方法进行了描述，并分析了历史上对这些早期评价方法的批判，包括对价值多元化的排斥问题、管理主义倾向、对调查的科学范式的过度推崇等；进而指出，第四代评价方法能够有效回应价值多元化问题而被引入，论文重点探讨了第四代评价理论的思想及特点；在此基础上，从价值基础的演变、社会思潮的影响和方法论的转换等维度考察了教育评价理论与技术形成发展的社会文化基础。

The paper aims to analyze Pearl Buck's concepts on different modes of marital systems and the formation of her concepts in order to explore her attitude towards different culture.

本文试图从跨文化和女性主义的角度来分析赛珍珠对中国不同婚姻模式的认识及其婚姻观形成的原因，以探询其作为一个有着多元文化背景的作家对于不同文化的所持的立场和态度。

During his presiding over the central military committee, President Jiangzemin, using his acute percipience, perceives accurately the international military trend, summarizes scientifically the experience of the construction of the PLA's armament, makes a series of penetrating judgments and some significant decisions, thus forms a set of scientific theoretical systems for the armament construction . The systems, meaningful and integrative, are also the guidance for the construction of the armament in the new era.

江泽民主持中央军委工作期间，以马克思主义的敏锐洞察力，准确把握当今世界军事领域的发展趋势，科学总结我军武器装备建设的历史经验，作出了一系列精辟论述和重大决策，形成了内涵丰富、思想深刻、完整科学的武器装备建设理论体系，是新时期我军武器装备建设的科学指南。

The award was controversial and led to a schism in the Photographic Society of London (soon to become the Royal Photographic Society) which resulted in the formation of the well-known pictorialist group, the "Linked Ring".

获奖备受争议并导致了伦敦摄影家协会（不久成为英国皇家摄影学会）的分裂，以致形成了著名的风景如画主义摄影组织——"Linked Ring"。

The influence that Platonism especially the theory of imitation, inspiration and imagination has exerted on romantic poets and their poetry is analyzed.

事实上，浪漫主义诗人受到柏拉图主义关于模仿、灵感和想象方面理论的启发，进而形成了自己的宣言和理论。

In the'conclusions', this dissertation emphasizes on the characteristics of the English abroad colonial expansion in the period of the formation of the nation-state. The further conclusions of the paper are as the following. The national spirit transfers to a strong force of promoting the English to go and expand abroad. Their aims are to deny the supreme popish authority, and to challenge the monopoly privilege of Spain and Portugal in the course of the abroad colonial expansion. They intend to break up the old system, of which the universalism of the'Christendom'is the foundation, and to strive for the English right of independence, liberty, and equality in the world.

在"结语"部分，本文着重分析了民族国家形成时期英国海外殖民扩张的若干特点，指出民族主义精神已经转变成一种推动英国人海外殖民扩张向前发展的强大力量，他们的目的就是要否认中世纪以来所谓至尊不二的教皇权威，挑战葡萄牙和西班牙两国在海外殖民扩张中独享的垄断地位，打破以"基督教大世界"普世主义原则为基础的旧世界体系，争取英格兰民族国家在国际舞台中应当享有的独立、自由和平等的政治地位。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。