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Moreover, the actual allele frequency of most varieties deviates far from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. All PPB、na 、I、h、Gi and Fst have proved to be the references to elucidate that ISSR is a most powerful tool to analyze genetic diversity, compared with the RAPD marker and the allozyme marker is less strong ordinally. We could divided the 70 samples into A, B, C, D and E five groups using three methods according to genetic distance clustering. There is a bit displacement for few varieties in different clustering maps, but the most are similar to morphological analysis despite that there is still a great difference among cultivars in the same one group. The above results imply that the three methods have the different sensitivity and resolution in genetic distance analysis of close varieties. The Mantel test indicates that the results from the three kinds of markers have the significant correlation, which demonstrates that the number of the used three kinds of markers is enough to exactly detect the diversity of all 70 samples to ideal extent. And these methods can be used to evaluate the diversity of the whole group using the miscellaneous samples instead of the individual sample, of the Gerbera jamesonii are mainly from tissue culture plants. In conclusion, the above study results provide a reference for the application of three kinds of molecular markers to molecular marker-assisted breeding of flower. 2. The genetic diversity among the eight introduced cut-flower varieties of Ranunculus asiatica was analyzed by the ISSR markers. Based on the genetic clustering tree, all the colorful flower varieties are clustered into one group, and the white flower varieties into another group. Moreover, among the former group the yellow flower varieties are clustered into one sub-group, and the reddish flower varieties, such as rose color, pink, nacarat, are clusetered into another sub-group.

由三种分子标记的分析结果可以看出,等位基因平均值、观察杂合度、Fis值、Fit值皆较高,表明非洲菊等位基因较丰富,杂合基因偏多,且绝大部份品种的实际等位基因频率在品种内偏离了Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium;PP8、na、Ⅰ、h、Gi及Fst皆表明,ISSR检测遗传多样性的能力最强,其次是RAPD,等位酶最低;根据遗传距离进行聚类,三种方法都把70个品种分成A、B、C、D、E五个大组,每一组中除少数品种发生位移外,大部份品种分类结果相似,且与形态分析结果有相似性,但在每一组中,品种间的聚类差别较大,表明这三种方法在近距离品种间检测遗传变异时灵敏度及分辨力不同;Mantel检测表明,三种标记的分析结果有显著相关性,表明所用的三种分子方法的标记数量已经可以相对无偏地检测到70个品种间遗传变异;非洲菊为组培苗,三种标记的检测结果皆表明,混合样品可以作为个体样品的代表,对整个居群的遗传多样性进行评价;这些研究结果可为三种分子标记方法在花卉分子辅助育种中的进一步应用提供借鉴。

First, the angular velocity function and maneuver load for certain maneuver flight (including hover, dive-hike and these two combined) are set up. The simulation results of the vibration of double-disk rotor system with cantilever supported on rigid bearings show that rotor would be apparently deformed under maneuver load. Second, the performance of oil force of SFD in maneuver flight is analyzed. The results show that in maneuver flight, the SFD with centering spring will become eccentric and its oil force will be time-related and offset-related.

首先,建立了水平盘旋、俯冲拉起及盘旋+俯冲拉起复合机动三种机动飞行条件下的机动角速度函数,并确定了对应机动飞行条件下的机动附加载荷(附加离心力和附加陀螺力矩),分析了带刚支的双盘悬臂转子系统在机动飞行条件下的振动特性,发现发动机转子在机动飞行时会发生明显变形;随后,分析了非定心挤压油膜阻尼器的油膜力特性,机动飞行时,油膜轴颈在机动附加载荷的作用下偏离外环中心,使得带定心弹支的挤压油膜阻尼器也变成了非定心挤压油膜阻尼器,其非定心挤压油膜力是瞬态时变的,并且与SFD油膜轴颈偏移量和进动形态有关;然后,在经典的Jeffcott转子系统中引入带定心弹支的挤压油膜阻尼器,分析了机动飞行时非线性转子系统的振动特性,发现挤压油膜阻尼器油膜力的非协调特性也反映到转子系统的振动响应中;之后,对机动飞行条件下带挤压油膜阻尼器的双盘悬臂转子系统的振动特性进行了分析,并重点分析、总结了俯冲拉起机动飞行时,系统结构参数和工作状态参数(转速比、机动飞行半径、机动角速度等)对该系统振动特性的影响。

First, the angular velocity function and maneuver load for certain maneuver flight (including hover, dive-hike and these two combined) are set up. The simulation results of the vibration of double-disk rotor system with cantilever supported on rigid bearings show that rotor would be apparently deformed under maneuver load. Second, the performance of oil force of SFD in maneuver flight is analyzed. The results show that in maneuver flight, the SFD with centering spring will become eccentric and its oil force will be time-related and offset-related. Then, SFDs are introduced into typical Jeffcott rotor system. The whole system will be statically displaced in maneuver flight and the nonsynchronous components of oil force appear in the response of rotor system.

首先,建立了水平盘旋、俯冲拉起及盘旋+俯冲拉起复合机动三种机动飞行条件下的机动角速度函数,并确定了对应机动飞行条件下的机动附加载荷(附加离心力和附加陀螺力矩),分析了带刚支的双盘悬臂转子系统在机动飞行条件下的振动特性,发现发动机转子在机动飞行时会发生明显变形;随后,分析了非定心挤压油膜阻尼器的油膜力特性,机动飞行时,油膜轴颈在机动附加载荷的作用下偏离外环中心,使得带定心弹支的挤压油膜阻尼器也变成了非定心挤压油膜阻尼器,其非定心挤压油膜力是瞬态时变的,并且与SFD油膜轴颈偏移量和进动形态有关;然后,在经典的Jeffcott转子系统中引入带定心弹支的挤压油膜阻尼器,分析了机动飞行时非线性转子系统的振动特性,发现挤压油膜阻尼器油膜力的非协调特性也反映到转子系统的振动响应中;之后,对机动飞行条件下带挤压油膜阻尼器的双盘悬臂转子系统的振动特性进行了分析,并重点分析、总结了俯冲拉起机动飞行时,系统结构参数和工作状态参数(转速比、机动飞行半径、机动角速度等)对该系统振动特性的影响。

During the four years study on the project, we develop a dynamical forecast model that describing the subtropical ridge surface. A new theory on the role of the land-sea thermal difference on the formation of the Subtropical High is advanced. It is concluded that in the summer subtropics over each continent and its adjacent ocean LO, SE, CO, and a double-dominant heating from west to east compose a LOSECOD heating quadruplet. The influence of the Eurasia continent on SH varies according to the seasonal variation. From the ideal numerical simulation it is shown the important role of the Eaiuan continent and the huge topography on the mechanism of formation and mantanence of the SH during the summer. It is verified by the numerical simulation that the extension of the subtropical continent into the tropics greatly enhances the " East Asian monsoon". Through the Rossby energy dissipation theory it is verified that the deep latent convective heating induces the onset of the South China Sea monsoon over the Bay of Bengal. The relationship and mechanism between the precipitaiton over the East Asia and the Subtropicla high is illustrated by the data. It is also found the close phase lock between the east-west shift of the SH and the disturbence of the east wind belt over the tropical troposphere. The interaction between the structure and activity feature of the SH and the Meiyu over the Yangtze-Huaihe river valley is revealed from the data. The numerical simulation verified the impact of the different SH pattern on the path of the typhoon.

本项目的研究发展了描述副热带高压脊面变化的动力模型,提出了夏季副热带地区四叶型非绝热加热分布型及相应环流拼图的创新理论;明确了大陆尺度的海陆热力差异在副热带高压形成中的作用;指出欧亚地形对副热带高压和气候的影响随季节变化而变化,通过数值试验证明春季青藏高原的感热加热对亚洲夏季风的爆发地点起了&锚定&的作用,进一步证实了副热带高压断裂和亚洲夏季风的最早爆发地点发生在孟加拉湾东岸;利用Rossby波能量频散理论证明了孟加拉湾深对流潜热释放诱导南海季风爆发的机制;揭示了东亚季风降水的季节内变化与西太副高的关系及机理;揭示了西太副高与东西风带中扰动之间的相互作用过程,指出西太副高的东西活动与热带对流层上空东风带扰动和中纬度西风带扰动的移动和锁相密切相关;研究了夏季淮河流域梅雨期间副高结构和活动特征及其与江淮暴雨的相互作用;验证了不同副热带高压形态对台风路径的不同影响;通过数值试验证明了欧亚大陆和青藏高原等大地形对副热带高压形成和维持的重要作用。

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