形式逻辑

In the modernized quest of the informal logic, an important result was obtained.

在非形式逻辑的现代化的探索中，取得了重要的成果。

First, the method of argument diagramming is introduced, a method first used in evidence law by the famous evidence theorist John H.

作者在本文中简要论述了非形式逻辑的基本方法，并展示它们如何应用于法律论证，尤其是应用于审判中的证据案例。

Criterion of liability should be understudied from an angel of quality rather than quantity; we cannot deny the fair responsibility principle only by common formal logic either.

笔者赞同肯定说，主张对归责原则不能进行量化理解，应把握其质的规定性；也不能以普通的形式逻辑简单地推翻公平责任原则。

He could have such influence because: first, there are serious problems in the theory and practice of international communist movement; second, it has something to do with his way of criticizing-to use the apparently pure scientific way in pure academic criticism; third, the focus of his criticism, which targeted at Marxist materialist historical view, was mainly the l7th-l8th century historicism, especially the dogmatic, vulgarized and distorted Marxist social historical theory; last but not the least, Marxist materialist historicism is the dialect logical results drawn from practice while Popper chiefly used formal logic and scientific way, the more easily understandable and acceptable way, in his criticism.

究其原因，我认为这首先与国际共产主义运动的理论与实践本身存在严重问题有关；其次与他批判的特点有关－用貌似纯科学的方法作纯学术的批判；三是其批判锋芒所指虽然也包括马克思主义的唯物史观，但主要是指17-18世纪历史决定论，特别是指被教条化、庸俗化和曲解了的马克思主义的社会历史理论；更深层的原因是，马克思主义的历史决定论是在实践中运用辩证逻辑概括出来的，而波普尔的批判主要运用的是形式逻辑和自然科学的方法，这样的逻辑和方法是人们通常比较容易理解和接受的方法。

He could have such influence because:first,there are serious problems in the theory and practice of international communist movement;second,it has something to do with his way of criticizing-to use the apparently pure scientific way in pure academic criticism;third,the focus of his criticism, which targeted at Marxist materialist historical view,was mainly the 17th-18th century historicism,especially the dogmatic,vulgarized and distorted Marxist social historical theory;last but not the least,Marxist materialist historicism is the dialect logical results drawn from practice while Popper chiefly used formal logic and scientific way,the more easily understandable and acceptable way,in his criticism.

究其原因，我认为这首先与国际共产主义运动的理论与实践本身存在严重问题有关；其次与他批判的特点有关用貌似纯科学的方法作纯学术的批判；三是其批判锋芒所指虽然也包括马克思主义的唯物史观，但主要是指17—18世纪历史决定论，特别是指被教条化、庸俗化和曲解了的马克思主义的社会历史理论；更深层的原因是，马克思主义的历史决定论是在实践中运用辩证逻辑概括出来的，而波普尔的批判主要运用的是形式逻辑和自然科学的方法，这样的逻辑和方法是人们通常比较容易理解和接受的方法。

Formal logicians are not concerned with existential matters which are precisely what artists are concerned with.

形式逻辑学家并不关心存在的事物，而艺术家所关心的则正是这些东西。

Non-formal logicians are trying to distinguish the functional ranges of demonstrative appraisal of logic and rhetoric.

如何划清逻辑与修辞在论证评价中的作用范围呢？非形式逻辑学家们似乎正在做这项工作。

The "RZH"standard also has shortcoming ,and contains prejudice of the formal logic school.

RZH&标准也是有缺点的，并内含形式逻辑派的&偏见。

The Frankfurt School reveals that the formal logic, as the important part of the filter of political consciousness, has had a hand in the process to depress and dominate people.

正如这一学派的理论家们所揭示的，现代西方社会，形式逻辑已作为政治意识过滤机制的重要组成部分，参与对人的压抑和控制过程。

The Frankfurt School ; formal logic ; function ; filter

法兰克福学派；形式逻辑；功能；政治意识过滤

It has been put forward that there exists single Ball point and double Ball points on the symmetrical connecting-rod curves of equilateral mechanisms.

从鲍尔点的形成原理出发，分析对称连杆曲线上鲍尔点的产生条件，提出等边机构的对称连杆曲线上有单鲍尔点和双鲍尔点。

The factory affiliated to the Group primarily manufactures multiple-purpose pincers, baking kits, knives, scissors, kitchenware, gardening tools and beauty care kits as well as other hardware tools, the annual production value of which reaches US$ 30 million dollars.

集团所属工厂主要生产多用钳、烤具、刀具、剪刀、厨具、花园工具、美容套等五金产品，年生产总值3000万美元，产品价廉物美、选料上乘、质量保证，深受国内外客户的青睐