形式相同的

Different types and levels of development of the countries generally have taken a different political systems, but may also in some ways have the same or similar system; the same type and level of development of the countries generally have the same or similar political systems, but in some areas there may be very different:(1) according to state management form, namely the form of state power points, there is absolute monarchy system of slave society, the nobility republican, democratic republic; State has the absolute monarchy of feudalism, class representative of the monarchy, republican (little city-state has adopted); capitalist countries have constitutional monarchy and democratic republic two types of constitutional monarchy is divided into the dual monarchy such as the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, and a parliamentary monarchy like the United Kingdom, democratic republic is divided into parliamentary cabinet system, the presidential system and the committee system in three forms; of the socialist countries of the Soviet system of the former Soviet Union, former Yugoslavia, the delegation system, China and Cuba and other countries of the people's congress system and so on.

不同类型和发展程度的国家一般都采取不同的政治制度，但也可能在某方面有相同或相似的体制；同一类型和发展程度的国家一般都有相同或类似的政治制度，但在某些方面也可能有很大差异：（1）按国家管理形式即政权组织形式分，奴隶社会有君主专制制、贵族共和制、民主共和制；封建主义国家有绝对君主制、等级代表君主制、共和制；资本主义国家有君主立宪制和民主共和制两大类型，君主立宪制又分为二元君主制如约旦哈希姆王国和议会制君主制如英国，民主共和制又分为议会内阁制、总统制和委员会制三种形式；社会主义国家有原苏联的苏维埃制，原南斯拉夫的代表团制，中国和古巴等国的人民代表大会制等。

In order to remove completely all excuse and leave no pretext of any impediment to anyone who is obliged to attend, in addition to the public guarantee which was clearly granted at the summoning of this council to all coming to it we give, concede and grant, acting on the advice and power mentioned above with the same council's approval, to each and all who have been accustomed to be present at the meetings of general councils and are coming to the present Lateran council, as well as to members of their personal staff, of whatever status rank, order and condition or nobility they may be, ecclesiastical and secular, a free, safe and secure safe-conduct and, by apostolic authority in the meaning of the present letter, full protection in all its aspects, for themselves and for all their possessions of any kind as they pass through cities, territories and places, by sea and land, which are subject to the said Roman church, for the journey to the Lateran council in Rome, for remaining in the city of freedom, for exchanging views according to their opinions, for departing therefrom as often as they may wish and also after four months from the conclusion and dispersal of the said council; and we promise to give readily other safe-conducts and guarantees to those desiring to have them.

因此，为了消除所有藉口，完全没有留下任何藉口，任何障碍，任何人谁有义务出席，除了向公众保证这显然是理所当然的传唤本局所有来，我们给予承认和赠款，代理的意见和权力与上述相同的安理会的批准，每个和所有谁已经习惯於将出席会议的理事会和大会即将於本拉特兰理事会，以及各成员的个人的工作人员，什麼样的地位等级，秩序和条件或贵族，他们可能会，教会和世俗的，一个自由，安全和可靠的安全行为，并通过使徒权威的含义本信，充分保护的各个方面，为自己和对所有的财产的任何形式，因为它们穿过城市，地区和场所，由海上和陆地，这是受说罗马教会，为旅拉特兰理事会在罗马，为留在城市的自由，为交换意见，根据他们的意见，由此出发，他们经常不妨也从4个月后的结论和分散的说，安理会和我们承诺放弃容易其他安全进行，并保证对那些希望他们。

To establish influence of chlorine and sodium on the electronic charge distribution in the molecule,we have compared experimental data forortho,m-,and p- chlorobenzoateswith those for sodium benzoate,and o-,m-,and p- chlorobenzoic acids,respectively.

从各种不同的方法中得出的结论是相同的，且表明氯和钠影响了苯甲酸的芳香体系，氯和钠的影响特征取决于氯在环上的位置，并在碳原子上计算的形式电荷和它的化学位移之间提出相关性。

The third main form was the balata, which was roughly equivalent to French virelai.

第三种主要形式是ballata，其形式大概和法国的virelai相同。

Though all countries don't exert a homology to the method by which establishes the invalid marriage system and annullable marriage system, they have many common places in the contents involved, for example, they take the item that breach to marriage substance item and form item as the important item of the establishment of the invalid marriage and annullable marriage, these important items include: have no pleasing marriage, commit bigamy and don't reach statutory age for marriage, close relative marriage and misunderstanding marry etc..

尽管各国对设立无效婚和撤销婚的方法不尽相同，但在涉及内容上却有许多相同之处，如：都将违反结婚实质要件和形式要件作为无效婚姻和可撤销婚姻的成立要件，这些要件包括无合意婚、重婚、未达法定婚龄婚、近亲婚和误解婚等。

Third, Evaluation criteria are inflexible and can not serve the aim of evaluating different projects with different characteristics, the evaluation index being unchangeably bound to papers, works, or scientific research projects.

通过对我国高校教师科研评价的研究发现存在如下问题：一是评价方法不完善，以定量评价为主；二是重形式轻实质，注重科研成果发表的刊物级别、获奖等级，并以是否&核心&、SCI、EI收录等形式代替实质；三是评价标准单一化，不管评价目的是否相同，均采用论文、著作及科研项目等源生指标作为评价标准；四是重数量轻质量，教师为了数量达标，不得不为凑数写文章。

Stamped into the very fiber of the Senate, within its genetic code, was the same contest between power and principle that characterized America as a whole, a lasting expression of that great debate among a few brilliant, flawed men that had concluded with the creation of a form of government unique in its genius—yet blind to the whip and the chain.

参议院的本质特性，存在于它的&遗传密码&中，即是，从整体上描述了美国特性的，在权力和原则之间相同的斗争，是少数才华横溢的但有瑕疵的人的绝妙的争论的一个持久的表达方式，这些人用他们独一无二的才智创造出了一种政府运作形式（但却忽视了监督和约束的力量）。

Of analogy, as, for instance, bone is only analogous to fish-bone, nail to hoof, hand to claw, and scale to feather; for what the feather is in a bird, the scale is in a fish.

再一次，我们要面对那些器官形式不同，除了优点和缺点不同以外再无相同处的动物：但是他们只在类推的方面相同，正象下面的例子，骨头只与鱼骨类似，指甲与蹄类似，手与爪类似，鳞片与羽毛类似。

Some people even fully denied the property of the development of MBO in China, and they thought that MBO was not fit for China. The paper makes a systematic comparing analysis between the causes of MBO in western countries and China, applying the principal agent theory, human resource capital theory, and property rights theory, and so on. And we get the conclusion that there is the same incentive causes in China MBO and overseas MBO, and it is enterprise authority arrangement trend in knowledge and economy era. The difference is that domestic MBO is the result of institutional transition, but the overseas MBO is the competitive choice, and in China the price difference in share transactions makes managers have the goal to acquire the profits. This article analyzes the game relationship of MBO in China, and proves that the root caucus of China MBO non-prohibiting for the different behalves between local government and national assets management department, and between the representatives of state stockholders and managers.

本文应用委托代理理论、人力资本理论和产权理论等对中西MBO动因进行系统的比较分析，得出结论认为中外MBO具有相同的激励动因，都是知识经济时代智能资本获取企业所有权的企业权力安排形式，不同的是国内MBO是制度转型的结果，而国外MBO是竞争选择的结果，同时由于我国MBO存在股权交易价差，管理层具有获取价差的直接动机；本文运用博弈论的方法对我国MBO&禁而不止&问题进行分析，分析结论认为国资监管部门与地方政府和国有股东代表与管理层之间的利益差异是导致当前我国MBO&禁而不止&的根本原因；文章通过对我国26家上市公司MBO并购绩效的实证分析，得出结论认为MBO有利于公司绩效的改善，进而文章对当前我国MBO存在问题展开分析，并提出几点建议，我们认为当前对我国MBO的理性做法是适当引导，而非简单禁止。

Based on the return map and the principle of closed vectors, a new method is proposed to extract unstable periodic orbits embedded in chaotic attractors. As examples, the UPOs embedded in chaotic attractors of Logistic, Hénon and Lorenz are extracted respectively by this method. And our results of Skewed Hénon map also be compared with Nusse's. These results suggest that this method is valid for unstable periodic orbits from period one to period infinite of arbitrary dimension chaotic system. The dynamic considerations of spiking and UPO coding for individual neuron and neural system under external periodic and chaotic exciting stimulus also be studied in this dissertation. A lot of spiking phenomena, such as synchronization, period, and chaos appear alternatively with the changing of the stimulus frequency. For the small stimulus frequency the neuron could completely convey the periodic signal in synchronous anti-phase into interspike intervals sequences. For the slow time–scale chaotic input, the output two ISI sequences are reciprocally related to input signals, and their oscillation wave shape in time course can be derived from that of the input signals variation, furthermore, the similar input sequence and order of UPOs, distribution of LES and value of KYD remain in attractors reconstructed from ISI sequences.

发现周期信号在单个神经元传递过程中，随着激励频率的改变，神经元输出的峰峰间期interspike interval时间序列呈现出周期、混沌和准周期的交错变化，特别当外加激励信号频率较低时，周期信号可以通过神经元ISI序列以反相同步的周期运动形式传递下去；同时无论是周期还是混沌激励信号，在神经系统中的传递均与其自身强度和神经元之间的耦合强度的大小密切相关；快变时间尺度的混沌激励信号在耦合的神经系统传递过程中，会造成大量基本信息的丢失；而慢变时间尺度的混沌激励信号在神经系统传递中，它的非线性特征信息，如混沌吸引子、不稳定周期轨道、Lyapunov指数谱和分形维数，会通过系统输出的ISI序列部分地重现出来，如与输入慢变时间尺度的混沌激励信号相比，神经系统输出的ISI序列具有：相似几何形状的混沌吸引子、相近的Lyapunov指数谱和分形维数、局部结构相同的不稳定周期轨道的排列方式。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。