形式电荷

The results indicate that the piezoelectric responses not only result from charge density but also correlate to the char...

结果表明，压电效应的大小不仅取决于俘获在材料中的电荷密度的大小，还与被俘获电荷在材料中的存在形式和分布有关。

An aerosol spray device which is capable of imparting a unipolar charge by double layer charging and charge separation to liquid droplets of a composition sprayed therefrom has a spraying head in the form of an insert in an actuator, the spraying head having a bore through which liquid is expelled having an outlet, preferably with a tortuous periphery, having an L/a ratio of at least 8 (preferably at least 10) where L is the length of the periphery defining the bore outlet in mm and a is the cross-sectional area of the bore outlet in mm2 and the apparatus being constructed such that the droplets are expelled from the spraying head at a flow ratio of at least 0.4 (preferably at least 0.5) grams per second and have a charge to mass ratio of at least +/-1x10-4 C/kg.

本发明还提供了一种喷射装置，它能够通过双层充电和电荷分离而向要喷出的组合物液滴施加单一极性的电荷，该喷射装置具有一个喷头，该喷头制成为致动器中的插入件的形式，喷头具有一个孔腔，液体能够通过该孔腔从装置中排出，该孔腔具有一出口，该出口最好具有曲线周边，并且L/a比率至少为8，其中L是以mm为单位的确定孔腔出口的周长，a是以mm2为单位的孔腔出口的横截面积，该装置构造成使得液滴在至少每秒0.5克的流动速率以及具有至少＋／－1×100C/kg的电荷／质量比的状态下从喷头排出。

An accelerated charged particle radiates energy in the from of an electromagnetic wave.

作加速运动的电荷会以电磁波的形式辐射能量。

Using a perturbation method, these linearized equations are solved for a composite sphere with the charge densities of the rigid core surface and of the surface layer as the small perturbation parameters. Analytical expressions for the settling velocity and electrophoretic mobility of the composite sphere in closed form have been obtained from a balance among its hydrodynamic, electrostatic, and/or gravitational forces.

以复合粒子之固体核心表面的电荷密度和多孔性表面层内的固定电荷密度为二个微小扰动参数，应用正规微扰法来求解这些已线性化之主导方程式，再藉平衡作用於复合粒子的重力、静电力和流体阻力等三种力后，可得到带电球形复合粒子的沉降速度及电泳可动度的解析形式表示式。

It indicates that the formation of NO dimer is favorable to the NO direct decomposition on the copper surface. The Mülliken population analysis shows that the average charge on Cu is 0.66 e, when the singlet state dimer interacts with the copper.

同时电荷布居分析表明，单重态的二聚体与铜作用时，铜原子上的平均电荷达到0.66e，说明在这种吸附形式中铜被离子化的倾向较大，而且这种吸附形式最有利於NO的分解。

Among Lewis structures having similar distributions of formal charges, the most plausible structure is the one in which negative formal charges are placed on the more electronegative atoms.

Among刘易斯结构有形式电荷的相似的发行，最振振有词的结构是消极形式电荷在更加电阴性的原子安置的那个。

Experimentally,at low temperature and with doping x(0≤x≤1),some manganite may have very differentphases,ferromagnetic or antiferromagnetic,with or without orbital or charge order.

实验上发现，在低温下，随着掺杂浓度x的变化(0≤x≤1)，锰氧化物可以出现铁磁序或多种形式的反铁磁序；可以出现不同类型的轨道序，也可以没有轨道序；可以有电荷序，也可以没有电荷序。

The results show that the major contribution to DOS of Mg and Pb are the 2p orbit of Mg and the 5d orbit of Pb, followed by the 3s orbit of Mg and the 6p orbit of Pb, the 6s orbit of Pb is the smallest one. There are a large number of charges around Mg, it has the characteristics of typical metal bond. Mg and Pb share some charges to form covalent bond, but the distortion of the charge at the junction is little; the proportion of covalent bond is less than the metal bond, Mg2Pb is semimetal. The elastic modulus and shear modulus of Mg2Pb are 68.6 and 27.9 GPa, respectively. Based on Pugh empirical criterions and Poisson's ratio, Mg2Pb is brittle in nature.

结果表明：Mg和Pb对态密度的贡献主要是Mg的2p轨道和Pb的5d轨道，其次为Mg的3s轨道和Pb的6p轨道，Pb的6s轨道贡献最小；在Mg原子周围有大量的电荷存在，呈典型的金属键特征，Mg、Pb之间存在共用的电荷，有较强的离域性，以共价键形式存在，但交界电荷的畸变不大，故共价键所占比例较少，金属键所占比例较大，Mg2Pb化合物呈半金属性；Mg2Pb的弹性模量和切变模量分别为68.6和27.9 GPa，Pugh经验判据和泊松比均表明Mg2Pb具有脆性。

To establish influence of chlorine and sodium on the electronic charge distribution in the molecule,we have compared experimental data forortho,m-,and p- chlorobenzoateswith those for sodium benzoate,and o-,m-,and p- chlorobenzoic acids,respectively.

从各种不同的方法中得出的结论是相同的，且表明氯和钠影响了苯甲酸的芳香体系，氯和钠的影响特征取决于氯在环上的位置，并在碳原子上计算的形式电荷和它的化学位移之间提出相关性。

Bond length, total atomic charge, frontier molecualr obital energy, and Mullicken Bonding Population proclaimed that electron transfer ought to be possible from benzene to ammonium to form charge-transfer cpmplexes. The molecular obital coefficience showed that the p-π initeraction must be existed between alkali metal cation and benzene.

键长、原子净电荷、前线轨道能量和分子轨道系数、Mullicken成键布居等量子化学参数表明碱金属阳离子和苯环碳原子发生作用而形成电荷转移复合物，这种作用中包含p-π作用的形式。

For a big chunk of credit-card losses; the number of filings (and thus charge-off rates) would be rising again, whether

年美国个人破产法的一个改动使得破产登记急速下降，而后引起了信用卡大规模的亏损。

Eph. 4:23 And that you be renewed in the spirit of your mind

弗四23 而在你们心思的灵里得以更新