形式模型

During the ordinary modeling process of first order hydraulic system, some principal diagonal elements of mass matrix were zero, and the stiffness matrix was nonsymmetrical.

建立以界面信息形式表达的一阶液压均衡系统动力学方程，同时利用卷扬系统动力学方程，首次建立机械卷扬-液压均衡子系统动态耦合的数学模型。

The fundamental principal is, the value of any asset is the summation of the present value of its expecting cash flows.

由于预期现金流的特性不同，贴现现金流模型在实践中存在多种形式。

During the iterations the trial step is truncated when necessary in order to keep the strict feasibility of the iteration points. It is shown that the LMTI approach and the STI approach have global convergence properties under some reasonable assumptions and will achieve local quadratic convergence rate under some even stronger conditions.

LMTI方法主要利用由有限内存BFGS公式的紧致形式获取的目标函数海色阵的近似矩阵构造信赖域问题模型并对其进行求解；而STI方法在构造的低维子空间上求信赖域子问题的解。

Studyed the analytical model of buried pipeline and suspending pipeline, introduced a factor about the redistribution of deflection and moment of suspending pipeline, rasied a analytical model between deflection and moment, showed that the deflection

3分析管道裂纹形式和种类，探讨脆性断裂和延性断裂失效判据及其适用条件，对裂纹扩展进行应力-应变场分析，建立了适合本研究课题的应力-应变场模型。

Thus chaos theory is, very generally, the study of forever changing complex systems based on mathematical concepts of recursion, whether in the form of a recursive process or a set of differential equations modeling a physical system.

通常混沌理论是研究建立在数学递归概念基础的上永远改变复杂系统，无论以回归过程形式或建立微分方程物理系统模型。

A more reasonable power system for value function is proposed. By variational assimilation technique,the atmospheric profile is retrieved in virtue of a refractivity model with four parameters.

在价值函数中提出了一个比较合理的权系统；通过四参数形式的折射率模型，采用变分同化技术，反演出大气折射率廓线。

The efficient market hypothesis has refutable inference, but the refutability is greatly crippled by Bad-model problems. This means that the overall framework o f testing may be defective and there is a need to relax the assumptions or to be tter define market efficiency .

有效市场假说形式上是可以被证伪的，但坏模型问题的困扰使得证伪过程在技术上不充分，这意味着整个检验框架可能存在缺陷，需要放松假设或对市场有效给出一个更完备的定义。

Research methods: The comparison was made between regression analysis and curve's fitting by adopting comparison method.

用数学模型的形式表现劳动定额是通过数学方法和计算机实现劳动定额管理现代化的一种新的方法。

Then an objective function representing the cost of deviation of system responses from the reference trajectory and the cost of imposing damping controls in infinite horizon is established.

在利用辨识模型得到闭环形式的预测方程后，分别建立表征在无限时域内系统响应偏离参考轨迹的代价和施加阻尼控制的代价的目标函数。

It is found that: the standard Model can be used to predict flows at the station and resultant velocity and temperature field under some reasonable presumptions; the impact brought by stopcock wind is variable according to the different tunnel structures; the temperature of is related with the distribution of heat load; the VAV system has advantage in energy saving, but when the air volume reduced to a certain degree, we should consider the alteration of rising the temperature of supply air, and increasing the quantity of it.

研究表明：采用合理的假设，标准的湍流模型能够较为准确地模拟和预测地铁站台的温度场与速度场；活塞风对站台的影响随区间形式的不同而不同；空调送风温度的设定与负荷的分布情况有密切的关系；针对站台空调季全天的负荷变化，VAV环控方案可以达到节能的目的，但在风量过小时，适当考虑采用提高送风温度，加大送风量的方法进行局部的调整。

But we don't care about Battlegrounds.

但我们并不在乎沙场中的显露。

Ah! don't mention it, the butcher's shop is a horror.

啊！不用提了。提到肉，真是糟透了。