形式模型

This paper studies a supply chain model in which a single supplier sells a single product to a single retailer facing the newsvendor problem. Both the supplier and the retailer can exert costly efforts to increase demand.

为了研究分布决策对供需链性能的影响，对单销售商、单制造商、单一产品、一次采购、需求为随机变量且供应商制造商均可以通过促销努力扩大需求的报童模型进行了讨论，提出了一种形式化的合同策略，多种简单合同形式均可以纳入其中。

The research results show that the error—correcting model may not exist in arbitrary non—linear cointegration system.

指出并非对任意非线性协整系统，都存在误差校正模型的表现形式。

Secondly, three kinds of mathematics model of optical vortex beams were introduced here. Then the propagation dynamics of optical vortex beams through the non-axis symmetry system is studied, this chapter includes the introduction of the symmetry vortex beam and the non- symmetry vortex beam, the deduction of the Collins diffract integral formula for the non-axis symmetry system, and the transformation of the vortex beam passing through the non-axis symmetry system has been described by using the numerical simulation. Then the general calculation for the orbit momentum of vortex beams, the matrix form for the orbit momentum of vortex beams, and the photon method to describe the orbit momentum of vortex beams are also introduced here. Finally, the interference about optical vortex beams was studied.

本文对涡旋光束进行了较为全面的介绍和研究，主要内容包括：（1）光学涡旋光束的基本理论，主要是介绍了单个光学涡旋光束在柱坐标中的一些表征，涡旋光束的奇异相位和光学涡旋的相位结构；（2）光学涡旋光束的三种数学模型；（3）光学涡旋光束在非轴对称光学系统中的传播动力学，其中介绍了对称涡旋光束与非对称涡旋光束，推导了非轴对称光学系统的 Collins 衍射积分公式，并利用计算机模拟图描述了对称涡旋光束经过非轴对称光学系统后涡旋形态的改变；（4）涡旋光束轨道角动量的一般计算，涡旋光束轨道角动量的矩阵形式，光子法描述涡旋的轨道角动量；（5）涡旋光束的干涉。

The noninterference concept based on actions of system simplifies the "purge" of the action sequence of the system. As a result, this model has concise unwinding conditions which are easy to understand and use.

由于基于系统动作的不干扰概念简化了系统动作序列的提取操作，该模型的单步展开条件具有简洁的形式并易于理解和使用。

The system model of organization is a nonobjective form of the organization, it can open out the elements of the organization and the relations between them.

组织的系统模型是一种对组织实体的抽象表达形式，它可以揭示组织的构成要素以及各要素之间的相互关系。

The latter have been seeking for an appropriate algorithm for solving an optimization problem expressed in a form of error norm between estimates from a proper forward model of light propagation in tissue and the measurements. Mathematically, this posed an ill-conditioned inverse problem.

间接法的核心是寻找解优化问题的合适的算法，此优化问题表示为正向模型和测量值间的误差范数形式，在数学上这是一个病态的非线性逆问题。

The semi-low normal distribution membership function of fatigue limit is determined, and the anti-fatigue fuzzy reliability compute formula of rotor is deduced. The fuzzy reliability model of rotor anti-fatigue is set up. Taking an internal shaft of the rotor of aero electric generator for an example, its reliability design can be realized by adopting the anti-fatigue reliability design theory presented in the dissertation.

首次确定出了疲劳极限降半正态分布形式的隶属函数，推导出了转轴抗疲劳的模糊可靠度计算公式，建立了转轴抗疲劳的模糊可靠性模型；以航空发电机转子内轴为例，对其进行了抗疲劳的可靠性设计，并用本文建立的抗疲劳的模糊可靠度计算公式，对其进行了模糊可靠性校核。

The system matrices of the local linear models are full parameterized and normalized radial basis functions are used for the weights.

局部状态空间模型用全参数化形式描述，同时选用正则化径向基函数作为分状态的加权因子。

The numerical solutions for different coefficient and different boundary conditions are obtained for two models of radon field which have respectively source in the side and inside of collapse column.

根据流体场的扩散理论和对流理论，建立了扩散系数与对流速度为常量或变量情况下的氡气场三维状态方程；对于陷落柱柱体侧面有源氡气场和柱体体内有源氡气场两种理论模型，给出了不同系数和边界条件下的数值解的形式。

This paper presents two aspects of research from the viewpoint of intelligence management of oil and gas well production.

本文从油气井生产智能管理的观点出发，一方面根据油气井生产的流体流动环境和生产工艺流程，通过建立数学模型，以数值模拟的形式来实现对整个油气。。。

But we don't care about Battlegrounds.

但我们并不在乎沙场中的显露。

Ah! don't mention it, the butcher's shop is a horror.

啊！不用提了。提到肉，真是糟透了。