形式模型

Secondly, the knowledge induced from experience, sample knowledge, model quantified knowledge are integrated organically in the field of ship design. The compound knowledge model is raised. A standardized modal system of compound knowledge in intelligent 3D-layout design of ship compartments is set up, by using object-oriented classify-decomposed relation and mixed knowledge expression of frames, regulars and methods. The intelligent support system of intelligent 3D optimal layout design of ship compartments is established based on compound knowledge base and inference engine.

其次，将船舶布置设计领域中经验归纳性知识、实例样本知识、模型数量化知识三者有机集成，提出了复合知识模型；结合舱室智能三维布置设计采用面向对象的知识分类分解关系及用框架、规则、方法的混合知识表达形式建立了一套复合知识规范化的形式描述体系，介绍了相应的推理机构造方法，提出了基于神经网络的舱室布置设计实例检索模型，并首次将其用于舱室布置设计实例的检索。

The variable geometry truss mechanisms have been studied extensively and systematically by this project. The research plan has been completed all sidedly, and expected results have been obtained. Three new kinds of combination decahedrons and a new class of variable geometry truss mechanism, which is composed of an octahedron and three tetrahedrons connected in parallel form, are proposed. The position analyses for decahedrons, dodecahedrons, triple-octahedrons, combinations decahedron and a new type of structure of variable geometry truss mechanisms are presented by introducing additional extra linear displacement sensors and using resultant elimination and homotopy continuation algorithms. The method of kinematical analysis of variable geometry truss mechanisms is established.

课题组对变几何桁架机构进行了深入的研究，全面地完成了研究计划，取得了预期的成果；提出了三种新的十面体组合机构以及由一个八面体和三个四面体组成的新型变几何桁架机构的结构形式；应用结式消元、附加传感器和同伦方法等提出了十面体、十二面体、三重八面体、组合十面体和新型变几何桁架机构的位置分析方法；建立了变几何桁架机构运动分析的一般方法；建立了简洁的凯恩和拉格伦日动力学的模型；应用有限元和子结构方法，提出了变几何柞架机构弹性动力学模型，导出了逆动力学方程的显式形式；设计和研制了一台可折叠的八面体变几何杵架机构装置等。

The absolute solution of Jiaojia ERP is put forward, the system models are established, and the solution are explained in detail. The business program of Jiaojia gold mine is reengineered based on the theory of "business centers", and the program-oriented compressed organization is framed. The index group and the solution of mine total quality management are setup. Then the optimize program of SCM and its components are designed on the guidance of "Horizontal Integration". The data of Jiaojia gold mine are reengineered based on the data warehouse technology. The information integration can be available after the establish of the business oriented databases, the subject integration oriented data marts, the application oriented data warehouses, the code databases and metadata, as weil as the OLAP system. The mathematics models and data mining modes are set up to function for the decision support of ERP system. The model of programming Master Production Schedule driven by geological resources and marked is figured out, so as to the models for material requirements planning and other decision supports are set up. The models provide service in forms of model storehouse, method storehouse, and algorithm tools center. The agent center is introduced to process the models' organizing, service, as well as self-study. The function system of Jiaojia gold mine ERP is figured out. By combining the development characteristics of Clients/Server and Browse/Server, the general framework and every sub systems are described in detail, including the function, structure, arrangement, modality, and so on.

主要内容如下：（1）深入论述了黄金矿山实施ERP的可行性，并结合应用需求将ERP理论在深度和广度上进行了拓延，建立了黄金矿山ERP系统的理论基础：以资源与市场共同驱动的供应链管理；黄金矿山的双重物流体系；以地质资源有效利用为目标的生产控制体系；黄金矿山财务管理的成本控制核心理论等；（2）提出焦家金矿ERP系统的整体解决方案，构建ERP系统模型，并进行了细节方案的设计：基于"作业过程核心"理论重新规划焦家金矿的业务流程，在此基础上设计面向流程的"扁平化"组织机构；建立了矿石全面质量管理的指标体系和实施方案；以"横向一体化"为指导思想，提出供应链管理各组成部分的全面优化方案；（3）以数据仓库技术为核心完成焦家金矿的数据规划，分别建立面向业务的数据库、面向主题集成的数据集市和面向主题应用的数据仓库，设计代码数据库和元数据库，定义OLAP方式，实现焦家金矿的全面信息集成；（4）针对ERP系统中的决策支持功能，建立了相应的数学模型和数据挖掘模型，提出了地质资源和市场共同驱动的主生产计划模型制定过程，进一步建立了物料需求计划的线性规划模型，以及其它决策支持模型；提出以模型库、方法库和算法工具为核心的模型服务方式，并设计了代理机制完成模型的组织、服务和自学习过程；（5）构建焦家金矿ERP系统的功能体系，针对C/S和B/S模式系统的开发特点，分别对功能体系架构以及各子系统的功能、结构、层次和形式进行详细设计。

Reduced SQP based on orthonormal bases, orthogonal bases and coordinate bases are studied and compared. With the correction item introduced, the null-space move is adjusted and the reduced SQP based on coordinate bases decomposition is improved.●The key problem of steady-state data processing for RTOPT is studied. A new algorithm of simultaneous strategies for data reconciliation and gross error detection is proposed. Here the objective function that is constructed using maximum likelihood principle and joint distribution function is minimized. Efficient algorithm is developed which exploited the nonlinear lease-square structure of this objective function.

仿真结果表明了算法的有效性；●深入研究了在线优化中的一个关键问题——稳态数据处理问题，用基于组合概率分布的目标函数联立求解粗劣误差检测和数据调和问题；以精馏塔在线优化的数据处理和模型修正为例，提出一种根据模型方程对参数的依赖性进行过程模型分解的分层策略，可以将数据调和和参数估计统一在数据处理的大框架中，为进一步的过程性能分析、操作状况评价以及在线优化提供可靠的基准，具有非常重要的工程应用价值；●将优化命题的形式扩展到更通用的形式。

The first kind is 0-equation model. It only includes mass and momentum conservation equations. Great progresses have been made in improving this model. It has successfully been applied to many natural rivers with complicated boundary geometry. The second kind is κ-ε model. The κ equation and ε equation are needed, besides mass and momentum conservation equations. Many researchers have studied the depth-averaged mathematical models of turbulence in recent years. However, the models were used mostly in regular artificial canals or natural water areas with simple boundaries.

对于宽浅型河流，采用深度平均法进行流场计算时，用得较多的有两类模型：一类是不增加任何脉动量的偏微分方程的模型，这类模型已在适体坐标下运用得较多且较成功；另一类是κ-ε二方程模型，它是近几十年来广泛应用的一类湍流模型，并发展了许多具体的形式，但大多数只对顺直河道进行了研究，对弯曲较大的河道研究不多，本文运用适体坐标，采用正交交错网格及非正交交错网格，把此模型运用到了弯曲较大的河段及具有汇流的河段，取得了较大的成功。

To develop the missile quasi-linear model, a state space model is established for missile dynamics, and function substitution method is used to describe the nonlinear dynamics of missile as linear combinations of functions of given time-varying parameters. With the minimizing variation range of model parameters over the whole design envelope as the optimum aim, linear programming optimum arithmetic is used to determine the model parameters at selected grid points.

为了建立导弹准线性化模型，将导弹动力学描述为状态空间形式；采用函数替换方法将导弹的非线性动力学描述为关于特定时变参数的函数的线性组合形式；以整个设计区间内模型参数变化范围最小为优化目标，采用线性规划优化算法确定了所选网格点上的模型参数。

The theoretical study shows that the continuous variability of non-operator, and operation, and or operation can be realized in mathematics, and can use a variety of forms such as mathematical index, polynomial and trigonometric. This paper introduces several and/or operations models, and the comparison by the simulation experiment shows that the model I is a more ideal model.

理论研究表明泛逻辑中泛非、泛与／或运算的连续可控性在数学上是完全可以实现的，并可以用多种数学形式如指数、多项式和三角函数等形式来实现，本文介绍的泛与／或运算的几个模型，通过仿真实验比较可以得出模型一就是一个比较理想的模型。

Firstly, on the basis of summarizing the research results, this paper deeply discusses the calculating model to analyze the instantaneous motion state in vehicle collision and the interrelation between restitution coefficient and vehicle collision speed. The simplified Gim tyre model is introduced, this type model has the fast computing and higher calculating precision, it is the practical vehicle type model in the analysis of vehicle collision accident at present. According to the collinear collision and two-dimension collision, the paper establishes the impact model at vehicle collision moment and the post collision movement model.

本文在总结前人研究的基础上，分析了车对车碰撞作用瞬间状态的计算模型及碰撞恢复系数与碰撞前、后速度的关系：介绍了Gim轮胎理论模型的简化形式，该模型计算速度快、计算精度高，尤其在车轮大侧偏角运动时其计算精度远远优于其它轮胎模型，是目前在汽车碰撞事故分析中最为实用的汽车轮胎理论模型：根据交通事故中最普遍的一维碰撞和二维碰撞的不同情况，分别建立了碰撞作用瞬间的力学模型和碰撞后车辆动力学模型。

Based on cognitive theory,this paper propounds a practical method of student modeling,which is to combine an information model and a learning model to achieve student modeling,and the learning model is depicted by a cognitive model,a covering model and a test model.

论文从认知理论出发，提出了一种实用的学生建模方法，即以信息模型和学习模型的组合形式进行学生建模，并采用认知模型、覆盖模型和测试模型对学习模型进行描述。

Based on rail/wheel reaction and track/bride reaction theory and systems engineering theory, new vehicle-track and vehicle-track-bridge system dynamic models are established and discussed in details, including ballast track model and ballastless track model. The characteristics of the models are:(1) vehicle-track and vehicle-track-bridge system dynamic models are coupled in vertical and lateral;(2) track vibration on bridge is taken in account, track on bridge is considered as one or two layer continuous-point supported rail model, according to actual track structure, interaction between vehicle and bridge transfer from track structure;(3) three type of ballastless track models (tieembanked, elastic-tie-block, slab track) are presented;(4) models reflect the main feature of actual vehicle, track and bridge structure, the response computation frequency of models is relatively broad, which can be applied to analyze both low frequency and high frequency vibration.

基于轮轨相互作用和线桥相互作用特点，本文从系统工程角度出发建立了车辆、有碴轨道和无碴轨道、简支箱梁桥垂向和横向耦合系统动力分析模型，该系统模型具有以下特点：（1）车线、车线桥体系均考虑为垂向、横向耦合振动系统，车线间通过轮轨接触几何关系耦合，轨道与桥梁间通过轨道与梁体间的力与位移协调条件耦合；（2）充分考虑桥上线路在车线桥系统中参振作用，根据桥上线路轨道结构特点将桥上轨道结构模型具体化，即对桥上轨道结构视为多层支承体系，车桥间的动力作用通过轨道结构来传递；（3）建立了三种形式无碴轨道动力分析模型，即长轨枕埋入式、弹性支承块式和轨道板式无碴轨道模型；（4）系统模型详细，分析频带宽，适用范围较广。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。