形式模型

It is of instructive significance to the design of robust controller when the closed-loop gain shaping algorithm is used to decide the magnitude of the model perturbation.

为了给出闭环增益成形算法的模型摄动形式，用小增益理论和H 混合灵敏度算法的结果进行推导，发现闭环增益成形算法的模型摄动形式与灵敏度函数的形式相同，该结论对用闭环增益成形算法设计鲁棒控制器时系统所能忍受的模型摄动大小的确定具有指导意义。

In this dissertation, we construct the Bariev model with nine kinds of boundary fields by the matrices K_± defining the boundaries. And then the Lax operator is given in the form ofmatrix, as well as the basic quantities, e.g., the R -matrix, the monodromy matrices and the transfer matrices are defined. By using the expression of the local Lax operator of the model,the action of the monodromy matrices T, T~(-1), U_ on the pseudo-vacuum state is given outin detail. Furthermore, the main fundamental commutation relations are obtained through the reflection equations, the recursive n-particle state as well as the one-particle exact solution is given and the Bethe ansatz equations are found accordingly. Finally, we list the nesting boundary K matrices, which play a crucial role for obtaining the n-particle solution and finding the Bethe ansatz equations, the eigenvalues of the transfer matrices and the energy spectrum of the system by means of the nested algebraic Bethe ansatz method.

在这篇文章中，我们利用边界K_±矩阵构造出了具有九种边界场的Bariev模型，同时给出了该模型L算子的具体矩阵表示形式，并定义了R矩阵，monodromy矩阵以及转移矩阵；接着利用L算子的矩阵形式，给出了其对应monodromy矩阵T、逆矩阵T~(-1)作用到真空态上的值，并利用Yang-Baxter关系及反射方程得到了双行monodromy矩阵U作用到真空态上的值；然后利用反射方程通过复杂的计算得到了一系列重要的基本对易关系式，并给出了模型的递推的多粒子波函数、单粒子解及Bethe ansat方程；最后给出了模型的嵌套的边界K矩阵的具体形式，从而为运用嵌套Bethe ansatz方法求解该模型的多粒子解、Bethe ansatz方程以及系统的能谱打下了很好的基础。

The main research work and its results are: 1Empirical results are analysed for the relations of fault displacement and earthquake magnitude, and difference between permanent ground deformation and maxium dynamic relative displacement on the two sides of fault; 2An analytic method is proposed for resopnse of a buried pipeline due to earthquake fault movement; 3A new shell model with an equivalent boundary and relted finite element analysis method are proposed for estimating response of a buried pipeline under large fault movement; 4By the proposed method, damage performance of water supply steel pipelines with large diameter is simulated to the real cases in Kocaeli Earthquake and Ji-Ji Earthquake, and simulating results show the real failure mode of pipes is revealed; 5Effects of overlying soil and soft/hard interlayers are analyzed on ground rupture mode and degree due to earthquake fault, and some earthquake rupture phenomena in soil layers are theoretically described for the first time; 6Pipeline response characters are discussed for the case of considering effects of soil layers on ground rupture mode; 7Research results and proposed method are applied in seismic analysis of pipline acrossing fault in the Gas Tansportation Project from West to East in China.

主要工作和成果包括：1）分析了不同断层位错形式下地表破裂位错量与震级之间的经验关系，并基于集集地震近断层记录分析了断层两侧永久地面变形和地震动相对位移幅值之间的差别，为合理地考虑地震断层位错地面变形动态影响提供了依据；2）发展了断层位错地面大变形下管线反应分析模型并给出物理概念明确、简单实用的解析分析方法；3）建立了断层位错下埋地管线反应分析的等效边界壳模型有限元方法，方法中引入了以非线性弹簧形式模拟离断层较远处管段影响的等效边界，简化了计算模型并突出了近断层处管体反应；4）利用等效边界壳模型方法，对土耳其地震和集集地震中大口径埋地管线震害进行了模拟，结果表明所提方法可以更清地解释震害所表现的管体破坏特征；5）研究了覆盖土层和软硬夹层的存在对断层位错地面破裂形式和程度的影响，首次从理论上解释了某些地震地表破裂现象；6）探讨了考虑土层对断层位错地面变形影响的管体反应特征；7）本项目成果已在西气东输工程的管道跨断层抗震问题分析中得到了应用。

The systematic error models established in the paper are rigid rotation model, volumetric strain model, homogeneous deformation model and heterogeneous deformation model. The recognition of systematic models is carried step by step from the complex to the simple by hypothesis tests.

所建立的系统偏差模型有刚体转动模型、体应变模型、均匀形变模型和非均匀形变模型，模型的确认通过假设检验方法由复杂模型形式向简单模型形式逐步进行。

ADP is applied to model the different distributions of clay in shaly sand, and the effect of different distribution of clay is studied. Three anisotropic effective medim models are developed according to different distribution of clay.

应用双重孔隙各向异性有效介质模型分别对三种不同泥质分布形式的泥质砂岩进行了数值模拟，考察了不同分布形式的泥质对泥质砂岩的影响，分别建立了相应的各向异性有效介质模型，并对三种分布形式的泥质对泥质砂岩各向异性的影响进行了分析。

Herschell-Buckley model have another name called H-B model, equation form as follows:〓 Rheology equation of broad sense:〓 The equation is to sheat rate:〓 In the flow of the annular interspace of the pipeline:〓 thereinto n'=〓 All of the experiment of this thesis utilize the rheology test-bed, it can test the pressure losses relevant datum, and imitate the hole and carry on the test related to rock bits movement.

Wise通过对消防泡沫流经普通铁管的流动阻力的研究发现，泡沫并没有宾汉模型的屈服值，认为泡沫纯粹属于假塑性流体，其流变模式为： Logμ=logτ〓+alog〓+b Mitchell使用毛细管研究泡沫流动，Mitchell用下式计算τ〓和μ〓：〓而Buckingham-Reiners对泡沫修正了用于管内流动的宾汉塑性模型，形式如下：〓 Herschell-Buckley模型—又称H—B模型，方程形式为：〓广义流变方程：〓剪切速率方程为：〓在环空中的流动时〓其中〓完成本论文的所有工作都是在试验台上进行，在该试验台上可进行与压力损失相关的数据测试，可模拟钻孔进行与岩屑运动有关的测试研究。

From the ideas of some economic models, the author establishes some non-linear coupled economic models about economic increase rates or competitive investments and so on, and analyzes the economic mechanisms of the models. Under the coupled structures, some results, such as, the steady states of economic increases, economic synchronal responses and synchronal control frequency responses, are obtained in this thesis.

从一些基本经济模型出发，借助于其建立模型的思路，建立了具有增长交联形式和投资竞争交联形式等的非线性交联模型，并研究了模型的经济机理，得到交联结构下经济增长的稳态、各部门经济同步响应以及在受控制下同步响应到控制频率等一些结果。

First, we consider nonholonomic chained systems with modeling error, in this section,based on back-stepping , using the so-called adding a integrator , state-scaling technique , we design discontinuous feedback law,such that the trival solution of the closed-loop systems global strong stable; Second,we consider high-order nonholonomic chained systems with modeling errors and external disturbances, in this section,using input/state-scaling and integrator backstepping methods , we design discontinuous feedback law and give out the switching strategy, such that the closed-loop systems global /C-exponential stable; Finally, we consider a class of more general power chained form systems with particular drift-terms, in this section , using Lyapunov method, we design time-varying feedback law , such that the closed -loop systems p—exponential stable.

第一部分考虑的模型为带有模型误差的高阶非完整链系统，我们运用加幂积分器、State-scaling技巧以及基于Back-stepping方法构造出不连续反馈律，从而使得所讨论系统的闭环系统的平凡解全局强稳定；第二部分考虑的模型为带有模型误差的不确定高阶非完整链系统，这一部分我们运用input／state scaling和integrator backstepping方法构造出不连续反馈律，并给出切换策略，使得所对应的闭环系统全局κ-指数稳定；第三部分考虑的系统是形式更为一般的且带有特殊形式漂移项的幂链系统，利用Lyapunov函数方法，设计出时变反馈律，从而使得相应的闭环系统ρ-指数稳定。

Proformas形式上的;hereunder在此之下,在下文; The Design Change Control procedure shall show how all changes are controlled through correct engineering and how all agreed changes are incorporated into the as-built drawings and model.

设计变更控制程序应说明如何通过正确的技术措施对所有变更进行控制，如何将正式批准的变更加进竣工图纸和模型中去。翻译技巧：翻译技巧：谓语动词show连接了两个并列的，用how 翻译技巧本句作为复合句， 6 引导的名词性从句。

Secondly, what Glossematical School wants is to establish the linguistic typology, namely metatheory, helping to compare different theoretical pattern, sign systems, linguistic signs, and levels of linguistic symbol theoretical pattern, on the basis of which the study objects of glossematics are finite as relation among the previous statement, defined as function.

因为语言符号的形式和意义之间的关系是任意性的，不存在普遍意义的范畴。语言学的所有范畴都要从具体语篇中演算出来，这就要建立语言代数学，即语符学。其二是用纯理语言构建的语言模型，必须拿具体的语言去检验。模型反映出的是人类所有语篇，包括未出现的和已经消亡的语篇的各种可能性，利用语符学的经验原则和推导条件帮助识别出哪些是现实中存在的形式，哪些是潜在的形式。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。