形式化

The formal description technology based on LOTOS, the formal transformation, the formal validation and implemenation are generalized. Constructions of communication service and communication protocol, transformation from service specification into protocol specification based on bisimulation equivalence are also stated in detail. Application of LOTOS specification styles and architecture concept in service and protocol design is studied as an emphasis.

归纳总结了基于LOTOS的形式化描述方法、形式化的转换、验证和实现等方法理论，以及通信服务和协议的构造方法及服务规范到协议规范的等效性转换方法，重点研究了规范风格和结构概念在服务和协议设计中的应用。

Combined with the application of OOD in formal specification of distributed multimedia system, a scheme building on ground of LOTOS/QTL (or Esterel/QL) and adopting the idea of OOD has been given.

结合对面向对象技术在分布式多媒体的形式化描述中应用的方法分析，本文提出了一种以LOTOS/QTL或Esterel/QL为基础，融合面向对象技术的形式化描述方案，该方案可用于建立分布式多媒体系统的时间模型和同步模型。

In the frame, Design Structure Matrix is the tool to build up the models of product structure and development process. The product structure topology tree is defined, and the product structure DSM model is introduced. The formalized description about development process model is presented. The characteristics of the tools to build up development process are analyzed, the strongpoint of DSM is discussed, and the development process model based on DSM is introduced. The relation between product structure and development process is analyzed.

在研究框架中引入了产品结构和开发过程的建模工具——设计结构矩阵(Design Structure Matrix， DSM)；给出了产品结构拓朴树的定义及其形式化描述，并在此基础上引入了产品结构DSM模型；给出了产品开发过程模型的形式化描述，比较了几种常见的产品开发过程建模工具，分析了用DSM建模工具进行产品开发过程建模的优势，引入了产品开发过程DSM模型；分析了产品结构与开发过程之间的联系，提出了两者之间的集成机制，并在此基础上给出了IM-PSDP模型。

To prepare studying hierarchical intelligent control system of material flows in mineral processing plant further, picturing, transition rulers, analytic methods, relevance matrix and dynamic equation, defect in applying of Petri network, fall short of orient object models applying are discussed after technology of formalization model built, non-formalization built and compound model. And Petri network system with time attribute is expanded opening network system with interface of input and output. The network system expanded with all attributes of basic Petri network model has hierarchy and recursiveness, can be analyzed with mathematical tools of network system and can deal with concurrent and asynchronously also.

为了对选矿厂生产物流递阶智能控制系统的进一步研究奠定基础，本文在讨论了形式化建模技术、非形式化建模技术和复合模型的基础上，研究和分析了Petri网的图形表示、变迁规则、分析方法、关联矩阵与动态方程、Petri网模型应用中的缺陷、面向对象模型应用中的不足，并把采用赋时的Petri网系统扩展成为对外界有输入和输出接口的开放网系统，扩展后的Petri网具有递阶性和递归性，同时保持基本Petri网的所有性质，使模型仍可采用网系统数学工具进行分析，并可处理生产物流系统中的并发性和异步性。

Aiming at activity diagram semi-formal speciality,the activity diagram formal specification and the definition of test coverage rules were given.

针对活动图半形式化特性，给出了活动图的形式化描述及测试覆盖准则的定义。

After introducing the AOP, there are components, system connectors, aspect connectors and constraints in architecture. The UML and ADL description of each model are given, and achieves the transform from semi-formal to formal model, and the model's refinement and verification, which provides a good foundation for the development of tools.

引入方面的软件体系结构是由构件、系统连接件、方面连接件以及约束构成的配置格局，不仅给出了体系结构中各元素的统一建模语言和体系结构描述语言的描述，实现体系结构模型从半形式化到形式化的转化，而且实现了模型的求精和验证，为各种工具的开发提供了一个良好的基础。

Its basic idea is to adopt formal or semi-formal method to develop the component. The developer provide the component with a formal specification with a given structure firstly, then build the component from this specification, and produces the description of component by this specification and other information.

其基本思想是：采用形式化或半形式化的方法来开发组件，首先为组件提供一个特定结构的形式规格说明，开发者根据该规格说明构造组件，并根据该规格说明及相关信息获得组件描述。

In the historical evolution of mathematic thought, content and method, m athematic truth has assumed some postmodern characteristics.The targets of the pursuit of mathematic truth have changed from the objectives and valu es of metaphysics to the relative and varied theoretical constructions.Mat hematic truth is an open system with different levels and frameworks. It h as transcended the scope of natural truth and has generated a new dimensio n,i.e.,selectivity.Both formalization and non-formalization are effec

在数学思想、内容与方法的历史性变革过程中，数学真理的观代性开始发生转向，逐步表现出一些后现代特征：数学真理从追求形而上学的目标与价值转向追求相对的、多样化的理论构建；数学真理是一个具有不同层次性和等级结构的开放体系；数学真理超越了自然真理的范畴，开始生长出一种新维度——可选择性；形式化与非形式化都是获得数学真理的有效手段。

The paper is organized as follows. In chapter 2, we introduce some concepts about SEA, the abstract SEA model and the convergence definition of algorithm. In chapter 3, we describe firstly the evolution of PMA as an abstract stochastic process, and by characterizing axiomatically the properties of the fundamental selection and evolution operators, we conclude that PMA is essentially a kind of SEA.

本文结构安排如下：第二章介绍了模拟进化算法的一些基本概念、形式化随机过程描述以及收敛性定义；第三章对改进后的 PMA 各操作作了抽象定义，得到了 PMA 的形式化随机过程描述，并公理化地证明了各操作算子为选择或繁殖算子，从而得出 PMA本质上也是一种模拟进化算法；第四章先对选择算子特征数定义作了适当改进，并通过各进化算子的具体特征数指出，如果 PMA 不采取任何执行策略时，算法本身并不收敛。

A formulized decomposing method based on system theory was given as well as the concept of entity scale, cohesion and unit granularity.

提出了一个形式化的基于系统论的实体等级结构分解方法，并给出了实体的尺度、内聚性及单元粒度等概念的形式化定义。

Neither the killing of Mr Zarqawi nor any breakthrough on the political front will stop the insurgency and the fratricidal murders in their tracks.

在对危险的南部地区访问时，他斥责什叶派民兵领导人对中央集权的挑衅行为。

In fact,I've got him on the satellite mobile right now.

实际上 我们已接通卫星可视电话了