形式化

Sometimes the two types of people collide, with the organic folks abhorring the discipline and predictability of well-formulated plans and actions while the formulaic among us struggle to value what they imagine to be an aimless life, void of the satisfaction of accomplishment.

有时这两类人会互相抵触。有机主义讨厌规划好的计划和行动的律条以及讨厌预测性。而形式化的人会争取去预估无目的生活，想象好要达到的情形，也回避了成就的满足感。

The ones that worked in concert with this are: the content of literature have been presenting the information-based tendency with absolutization and philistinism, the interesting of iterature have been appearing the inclination of living and superficialling,literature form have been appearin technicalization with formalization, the literature activity wearing kinds of arbitrariness.

与此相呼应的是：文学内容呈现信息化趋势伴生着绝对化、庸俗化倾向，文学情趣呈现生活化趋势伴生着平庸化、肤浅化倾向，文学形式呈现技术化趋势伴生着表面化、形式化倾向，文学活动呈现开放性趋势伴生着随性化、任意化倾向。

The Tableau decision algorithm for D-ALCO forms an elaborated combination of the Tableau algorithm for ALCO,the decision algorithm for propositional dynamic logic,and the embodiment of the possible models approach.

1引言作为一类用于知识表示的形式化工具，描述逻辑在信息系统、软件工程、自然语言处理等领域得到了成功应用[1]。

From point of view of the model requirement in the design process of VP, the characteristics of an integrated VP model are given. Based on the Analyzable Product Model theory developed by Tamburini and Engineering Data Model theory developed by Eastman, the formal description of integrated model of VP is developed, and the application wrapper and the interface components are also designed.

本章中从虚拟样机设计过程中对模型的需求出发，提出虚拟样机一体化模型应该具有的功能特点；在Tamburini的可分析产品模型理论和Eastman的工程数据模型理论的基础上，提出虚拟样机一体化模型的形式化描述体系；接着对一体化模型的应用包装器和接口组建进行设计。

To address this problem, a new method of security analysis of QKD protocols is introduced. Based on the equivalence attack model of QKD protocols which is refered to Biham's proving, the protocol is divided into two parts: the body and the attack, then a Petri-net model of BB84 is obtained, and a security analysis is followed.

为了简化量子密码协议的安全性证明以及建立一种通用的证明方法，基于Petri 网提出一种量子密钥分配协议的形式化分析方法，根据Biham 的等效对称化攻击模型，将协议分为主体模型和攻击模型两部分，建立了BB84 协议的Petri 网模型，然后对模型进行安全性分析，分析结果表明， BB84协议是无条件安全的。

In the aspect of the Philosophy of Language, Montague Grammar inherited Frege's theory of meaning, Russell's theory of reference, Carnap's theory of verification, Goodman's Modern Realism, Tarski's theory of truth, Kripke's semantics of possible worlds of modal logic, etc, and opens up a new direction in the study of Formal Semantics of natural language; in the aspect of Theoretic Linguistics, Montague was influenced by Chomsky's research idea about the formal treatment of the syntax in natural language and extended it to the semantic study of natural language; Montague Grammar has two theoretic sources: One is the Logical Semantics and Intensional Type Theory in Logic, and the other is Categorial Grammar and Transformative Generative Grammar in Linguistics.

在语言哲学方面它继承了弗雷格的意义论，罗素的指称论，卡尔纳曾的实证主义，古德曼的现代实在论，塔斯基的语义学真理论，克里普克的模态逻辑可能世界语义学的传统，开辟了自然语言形式语义学研究的新方向；在理论语言学方面，他受乔姆斯基形式化语言研究思想的影响，并把这一思想扩展到自然语言的语义研究方面；蒙太格语法的理论来源有两个方面：逻辑方面是逻辑语义学思想和内涵类型论理论，语言学方面是范畴语法和转换生成语法。

Considering the insecurity [3~5] or inefficiency[6] of current confirmer signature schemes,born of the canmenisch-michels formal model and structure,a new confirmer signature scheme based on DSA and RSA is proposed.

考虑到现存的证实数字签名方案或者是不安全的[3~5]，或者是低效的[6]，基于Canmenisch-Michels形式化模型和结构，提出一种新颖的完全基于DSA及RSA的证实数字签名方案。

UCSA maps each symbolic cryptographic operation in Dolev-Yao model to an ideal functionality in the UC framework, resulting in simpler proofs for cryptographically soundness at the same time.

UCSA框架将Dolev-Yao模型中密码学抽象操作与UC框架中的理想功能进行了结合，使得通过形式化分析方法可以证明安全协议的在密码学环境下的一些性质。

Description logic is a formal language for representing knowledge and it is a decidable subset of first-order logic.

1引言 描述逻辑是知识表示的一种形式化语言匡，适合表示关于概念和概念层次结构的知识，因此也叫做概念表示语言和术语逻辑。

Description Logic is a kind of object based knowledge representation formalism, and also a decidable fragment of first order predicate logic, with well-defined semantics and powerful representation capability.

描述逻辑是一种基于对象的知识表示的形式化系统，它是一阶逻辑的一个可判定的子集，具有合适定义的语义，并且具有很强的表示能力。

But we don't care about Battlegrounds.

但我们并不在乎沙场中的显露。

Ah! don't mention it, the butcher's shop is a horror.

啊！不用提了。提到肉，真是糟透了。