形式化

As a kind of method based on symbolic logic, Formal method has gained more and more attention because of its preciseness. It has been applied broadly in systems in which the security and reliability are the key issues. For example, protocol security analysis, operating system security model, software development.

作为一种以数学逻辑为基础的方法，形式化方法以其严密性越来越受到众多领域的重视，尤其是在安全性和可靠性作为关键问题的系统，如协议安全性分析、操作系统安全模型、软件开发等方面得到了较为广泛的应用。

The construction of the system involves symbolization and systematization.

形式化方法的后期阶段或第三步骤是对系统的解释，也称模型化。

The five grades of formality are analogous to the ways we dress ourselves: Frozen - tailcoat; Formal - suit; Consultative - jacket and trousers; Casual - leisure wear; Intimate - pajamas.

这五个等级的形式是类似的方法，我们穿着自己：冷冻-燕尾服；形式化-诉讼；协商-外套和裤子；休闲-休闲服；亲密-睡衣。

In this paper a computable formal algorithm language is advanced to disoribe somebasic concepts, such as dynamic process, stabilization, teachability etc, which are usedin control and manegement science, by means of ∑-module.

本文讨论了如何将控制与管理科学理论中的一些基本概念，例如系统的动态过程，稳定性、可达性等，用统一的形式化算法-Σ-模结构语言来描述。

There are any number of further questions concerning the precise formulation of such a view, its compatibility with physical theory more generally (e.g., relativity and quantum field theory), and its philosophical tenability (e.g., does this view yield the sort of causal role that we are inclined to think consciousness must have).

还有一些进一步的问题是关于这个观点的精确形式化的，即，其和更一般的物理理论的兼容（例如，相对论和量子场论），和其哲学上支持的结论（例如，是否这个观点产生我们所倾向于的意识必然含有的因果角色）。

Based on a thorough analysis in software auto-generating technology and monitor-control program in industry area, improves the formal definition and minimization algorithm of automata theory, designs an system environment of auto-generating monitor-control program.

在对软件自动生成技术和工业控制领域的测控程序实例进行深入分析的基础上，改进有限自动机理论中有限自动机的形式化定义及其化简算法，通过研究，设计实现了一个自动生成测控程序的系统平台。

In this paper, a prototype T-CBESD (Tool for Component-Based Embedded Software Designs) has been designed, which is based on the theory of interface automata and is implemented as a plug-in module on the open-source platform Eclipse.

本文在Eclipse平台上设计并实现了一个基于接口自动机模型的构件化嵌入式软件设计的形式化验证原型工具T-CBESD (Tool for Component-Based Embedded Software Designs)。

After analyzing the merit and lack of 9I model, the main idea is proposed: to distill some basic topological relations from 9I model, of which the composite topological relations of complex objects are made up. In detail, the composite topological relationships between region and region, line and line, line and region are particularly discussed;(2)Analyze the characteristics and inner relations of cadastral features. According to the expressional model of complex topological relations, the author discovers the possible topological relations between parcels, parcel lines and parcel points. In addition, sum up the general topological relationship rules of cadastral data.(3) Then the topological relations model is extended to the spatio-temporal data. Time in cadastral database and change semantic are discussed. It's redefined that spatio-temporal topological relations is composed of time, location, status and event relation. Spatio-temporal topological relationships can be represented by extended 4I model. Taking cadastral parcels as example, there are different possible spatio-temporal topological relationships between parcels when they are extended, shrunken, split, merged or others. Thus, some deductions are drawn that, for example, if parcels have be coexisting for some time they are impossible to be overlapped. Furthermore, the parents of parcels alternated and their possible change types can be detected by their spatio-temporal topological relationships.(4) Before carrying out the experiment, the calculation method must be designed.

具体研究工作及成果如下：（1）根据点集拓扑理论中与拓扑空间相关的概念，本文对空间的点、线、面进行了重新定义，以区分对象的复杂性；分析了9I模型在表示简单对象方面的优点，以及在表达复杂对象上的不足，阐述了本文的研究思路和解决方案，并以复杂的面面、线线和线面为例详细探讨了复合拓扑关系的表达方法；（2）分析了地籍权属数据和地类数据的内涵、特点和要素之间的联系，根据复杂对象的拓扑关系表达模型，本文讨论了宗地、界址线、界址点之间，图斑、线状地物、零星地类之间可能存在的拓扑关系和形式化表达方法，归纳总结了地籍对象的拓扑关系满足的约束性规则；（3）将拓扑关系的研究延伸到时空领域，从地籍对象的时态性出发，本文阐述了地籍数据中时间的含义和变化语义描述的需要；从时间、位置、状态、事件等之间的拓扑关系方面，重新系统性地进行了时空拓扑关系的定义；研究了一维时间和二维空间的集成表达方式，以宗地、界址线为例，分析了变更前后不同时间区间里可能的拓扑关系，探讨了时空拓扑关系对时空变化操作类型和变化语义的推理方法和意义；（4）为实现空间拓扑关系的查询分析等应用，本文研究了空间拓扑关系的计算方法。

Consideration of the natural numbers also leads to the transfinite numbers , which formalize the concept of counting to infinity .

考虑自然数也引起了超越数，超越数形式化计数到无限的概念。

Based on the characters of decision-tree nodes and the definition of LESS, the universal rules of transformation are proposed.

本文根据业务逻辑树节点的特性和LESS的定义，提出了通用的转化规则，实现了端业务的形式化建模，从而方便了业务的集成及业务间的离线检测。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。