形式上

It separated 3-D space, 2-D space, temporal space and abstract space (focused on the first 3). 3-D space/2-D space belong to the same category in syntactic model; but 2-D space/ temporal space /abstract space share the same category when we talked about how to confirm the spatial direction. 2. It investigated a spatial system proposed by Mr. Qi Huyang, and argued that there is necessity to modify this system. 3. It enumerated a series of grammatical forms which are involved in the "Spatial System", and pointed out that there exits a relation among these forms: words representing "Spatial and Locative"→ phrases representing "Spatial and Locative"→ sentences representing "Spatial and Locative".

第三章研究"空间系统"的子系统。1、分出立体空间、线性空间、时间和抽象空间几大领域，在句法上，立体空间/线性空间是一类；但在如何确定方向场的问题上，线性空间/时间/抽象空间是一类。2、省视了齐沪扬先生已提出的一个空间系统体系，指出很有改进的必要。3、归纳了"空间系统"所涉及的各种语法形式，并指出它们构成"表示空间方位意义的词→表示空间方位意义的短语→表示空间方位意义的句子"的层次关系。4、辨析各种语法形式的语义域及其语义结构，并考察语法意义与语法形式的对应情况。

In recent years, it seems that the superficial Chinese transliteration "苗"(pronounced as "miao" in modern Mandarin Chinese, but as "mao" or "hmao" in medieval Chinese) and the English transliteration "Hmong" have been misleadingly essentialized by some anthropologists, and the differences associated with these externally referred ethnonyms were magnified to such an extent as if there had been two entirely different or unrelated ethnicities – one with the autonym "Hmong" and the other with "Miao"– in the world.

近年来，"苗"（现代汉语读音为'miao'，但汉语古音读'mao'或带前鼻音的'hmao'）这个表面上的汉文转写形式，与"Hmong"这个英文转写形式一道，被一些西方人类学家误导性地当成了实质；与这两种表面转写形式相关联的一些差异被放大到了如此无以复加的地步，以至于让人们也都误觉得，这世界上并存着两个不甚相干的民族，其中一个的族称是"Miao"，而另一个的族称是"Hmong"。

We've found that on symplectic manifolds there exists a series of Euler-Lagrange cohomology groups different from both de Rham and harmonic cohomology in general and proposed a set of general volume-preserving equations that contain the Hamiltonian equations as a special case.

中文摘要：我们发现在作为经典力学中的相空间的辛流形上有可能存在不同于de Rham上同调和调和形式的上同调，称之为Euler-Lagrange上同调；提出相空间上保体积的一般方程，通常的正则方程是其特殊形式；进而推广了经典力学中著名的刘维定理；同时把Noether定理与上同调联系起来。

We give some equivalent characterizations of Bloch type functions in term of fractional derivative, via studying the relative of growth of the different order fractional derivatives of holomorphic function, including the form of supremum and limit, the form of integral and Carleson measure, which are the generalizations of some known results in the unit disc and in the unit ball.

我们从研究全纯函数分数次导数的增长性入手，利用分数次导数给出了它的一类刻画，包括上确界和极限形式的特征，积分形式的特征以及Carleson测度形式的特征，推广了单位圆盘和单位球上一些已有的结论。

In this dissertation, we construct the Bariev model with nine kinds of boundary fields by the matrices K_± defining the boundaries. And then the Lax operator is given in the form ofmatrix, as well as the basic quantities, e.g., the R -matrix, the monodromy matrices and the transfer matrices are defined. By using the expression of the local Lax operator of the model,the action of the monodromy matrices T, T~(-1), U_ on the pseudo-vacuum state is given outin detail. Furthermore, the main fundamental commutation relations are obtained through the reflection equations, the recursive n-particle state as well as the one-particle exact solution is given and the Bethe ansatz equations are found accordingly. Finally, we list the nesting boundary K matrices, which play a crucial role for obtaining the n-particle solution and finding the Bethe ansatz equations, the eigenvalues of the transfer matrices and the energy spectrum of the system by means of the nested algebraic Bethe ansatz method.

在这篇文章中，我们利用边界K_±矩阵构造出了具有九种边界场的Bariev模型，同时给出了该模型L算子的具体矩阵表示形式，并定义了R矩阵，monodromy矩阵以及转移矩阵；接着利用L算子的矩阵形式，给出了其对应monodromy矩阵T、逆矩阵T~(-1)作用到真空态上的值，并利用Yang-Baxter关系及反射方程得到了双行monodromy矩阵U作用到真空态上的值；然后利用反射方程通过复杂的计算得到了一系列重要的基本对易关系式，并给出了模型的递推的多粒子波函数、单粒子解及Bethe ansat方程；最后给出了模型的嵌套的边界K矩阵的具体形式，从而为运用嵌套Bethe ansatz方法求解该模型的多粒子解、Bethe ansatz方程以及系统的能谱打下了很好的基础。

Aristotle's idea of form could be divided into two parts, the aesthetic form and the ontological form.

亚里士多德的形式观分为审美意义上的形式和本体论意义上的形式。

On the one hand, we improve the mixed having and ternary method to express n from the standard non-singular elliptic curve with character 2. On the other hand, we improve the mixed binary and ternary method to express n from the standard elliptic curve with character more than 3 , and we generalize the mixed binary, ternary and quinary method to express n.

一方面从特征是2的有限域上的标准非奇异椭圆曲线的角度出发，改进了n的半点和三进制的形式；另一方面从特征大于3的有限域上的标准椭圆曲线的角度出发，改进了n的二进制和三进制的混合形式，并推广到n的二进制、三进制和五进制的混合形式。

Fourteen parts of grammar were described, including the measure words, the location component, pronouns, helping words, adverb, verb auxiliaries, comparative sentence, giving sentence, dispositional sentence, passive sentence, negative sentence and question sentence.

在清末粤方言语法材料的基础上考察历时演变，共出现29个变化点，主要包括：（1）量词&样&、&回&和&个&使用减少；（2）&度&由量词发展为处所词后附成分；（3）清末疑问代词&边&和&乜&竞争，今天&乜&的用法被削弱；（4）&V得&的用法扩大，改变&可以&和&能&的地位，助动词&识&的用法增加；（5）副词&啱&意义扩大，一些双音节副词出现语素更替；（6）动词后补成分&高&被&上&取代，&起嚟&和&去归&消失；（7）表示完成的动态后助成分&哓&完全消失，由&唨&取代，&V下&之外出现动词重叠表短时、随意的用法；（8）句末助词&呢&的读音、&咋&表达的事态或者语气的意义稍有变化；（9）给予句&俾+N〓+过+N〓&是清末的主流形式，今天以双宾语形式&俾／V+N〓+N〓&为主，&过&消失；（10）出现像普通话的&比&字句；（11）清末文献里可以引出处置对象的&戒&不再使用；（12）&俾&发展为一个比较成熟的被动句标记，&被&的使用消失；（13）单音节形式的否定词增加；（14）正反疑问句发生根本性的变化，宾语和补语等补足成分转而出现在否定形式之后，选择疑问句连接选择项的&嚊&或&口被&消失。

The Early Hebrew alphabet, like the modern Hebrew variety, had 22 letters, with only consonants represented, and was written from right to left; but the early alphabet is more closely related in letter form to the Phoenician than to the modern Hebrew. Its only surviving descendant is the Samaritan alphabet, still used by a few hundred Samaritan Jews.

早期的希伯莱语字母，就像现代变化的希伯莱语一样，有22个字母，只用来表示字音，是从右往左书写；但是早期字母在形式上比现代的希伯莱语更接近腓尼基文字；它只是在撒马利亚语的后裔中幸存下来，仍然被数百个撒马利亚犹太人使用。

The early Renaissance is beginning in the 15 century, in Florence, Italy. The purpose of this article is to explore the characteristic of the arts during the early Renaissance, including the paintings, carvings, and architecture. For example in the painting, Masaccio (AD 1401-1428) invent a method called "Perspective".

本文主要针对文艺复兴的起源、意涵及绘画、雕刻、建筑等艺术早期的发展特色做探讨，从视觉艺术的角度来看，文艺复兴早期的发轫，以及在艺术形式上的突破和创新，其最重要的关键点是人们观念的改变，从中世纪服膺宗教中解脱，呈现出俗世生活中实实在在的人，因此「人文主义」的精神可说是文艺复兴时期的原动力。

But we don't care about Battlegrounds.

但我们并不在乎沙场中的显露。

Ah! don't mention it, the butcher's shop is a horror.

啊！不用提了。提到肉，真是糟透了。