形声字

Yang 阳 is a character with three associative bodies; being not a character of echoism, it means sunshine.

阳字是由三个形体构成的会意字，而不是从从易的形声字，其本义是日照为阳。

This is another way of character forming.

另外，大量的是形声字了。

This article analyzes the function and limitation of the note and the ideogram linking the time when the phonogram came into being and the approaches .

本文结合形声字的产生时间与产生途径来分析其音符、意符的作用及其局限性，分为四个部分：第一部分介绍其产生的时间及五种主要途径，后面三个部分分别探讨有关"意符表义"、"音符表音"、"音符表义"的问题。

Including voice Fu Pictophonetic homologous characters startinto words and forget about Sound retrictions Linking Paronym two aspects.

包括从同声符形声字入手归纳同源词和不拘泥于声符的限制系联同源词两方面内容。

The picto-components of pictophonetic characters also contain rich knowledge of the ancient culture.

文章认为汉字所反映的内容是社会现实，象形、指事、会意等类型的汉字的造字手段是写实与象征的结合，根据这些字的形体结构，往往可以考知造字时代的社会生活情况；形声字的形旁之中，也同样凝聚着丰富的古代文化信息。

It includes the whole thing as a state of physical or word and Xiangxingzi constitute the basis of the word refers to things, but also by a number of monomer Xiangxingzi a combination of the words and was planned Pictophonetic word.

它既包括整体像某事物形体或状态的字和以象形字为基础构成的指事字，又包括由多个单体象形字结合构成的会意字和形声字。

Chapter one is "Introduction". On the basis of summarizing the history of the study of the pictophonetic characters, we suppose some theoretical principle, such as the principle of the correspondence between the form and the meaning of the individual graph of Chinese characters, the principle of the total graphs of Chinese characters being a character-formation system, and the principle of the optimum development of the character -formation system in the history, and som analytic methods, such as the methods of structrue-function analysis, form-position analysis and meaning factor analysis, in the study of the pictophonetic characters. Chapter two is titled"General knwledge of the pictophonetic character." We discuss their origins, nature and some standards of distingnishing them, introduce the knowledge about the editions of SHUO WEN JIE ZI, analyse the functions of the modules of pictophonetic characters in detail, discuss concretely the function of phonetic graphs showing origins and pronunciations, the function of meaning graphs showing meanings and analogies, and the function of distinguishment when the two kinds of graphs are conbined. Chapter three is"The system of meaning graphs of Xiao Zhuan system."After we describe the structure of the meaning graph system, the relations between meaning graphs, the distributions of the function of meaning graphs showing meanings, and the frequency of all this kind of graphs, we get a table of all meaning graphs, a table of the frequency. Chapter four is"The system of phonetic graphs of Xiao Zhuan system."We describe the structure of the phonetic graph system, the relations between phonetic graphs, and between their function showing origins and their function showing pronunciations, and their frequency, then we get ageneral table of phonetic graphs and table of their frequency. Chapter five is "conclusion". We think that systematical methodology is useful in describing and analysing the formation system of Chinese characters. The methodology is adaptable in describing the formation system of modern Chinese characters as well as the historical character systems, adaptable in describing horizontally as well as comparing vertically. Only when we finish the systematical vertical compare on the base of systematical horizontal decription, could we know the true history of the system of Chinese characters, recover the rule of the system's development, and supply the theoretical supports for the scientifical arrangement of modern Chinese characters.

第一部分—绪论，在总结形声字研究历史状况的基础上，提出了研究形声系统的理论原则和分析方法，即汉字个体字符形义统一的思想，汉字字符集合构形系统的思想，汉字构形系统历史演变系统优化的思想等三项理论原则和结构功能分析法，形位分析法，义素分析法等三种分析方法，还扼要地介绍了具体的工作程序和论文的主要内容；第二部分—形声字概述，论述了形声字的来源、性质和鉴别标准，介绍了对《说文解字》正篆形声字说解中的传抄讹误，版本异文，说解错误校勘和考证的经过，详细分析了形声字构件的功能，具体讨论了声符的示源功能与示音功能，义符的示意功能与类化功能以及声符与义符组合中的相互区别功能；第三部分—小篆字系的义符系统，从义符系统的构成、义符间的相互关系，义符示意功能的分布及义符的构字频度等不同侧面，对义符系统进行了全面的描写，产生了义符总表、义符间意义关系总表和义符构字频度总表；第四部分—小篆字系形声字的声符系统，从声符系统的构成、声符间的相互关系，声符的示源功能与示音功能的关系以及声符的构字频度等不同侧面，对声符系统进行了全面描写，产生了声符总表和声符构字频度总表；第五部分—结束语，在全面测查小篆字系形声字的基础上，对研究汉字的方法和现代汉字发展方向的问题提出了一些看法，认为系统论的方法是描写和分析汉字构形系统行之有效的方法，系统论方法，不仅适用于历史上文字系统的描写，也适用于现代汉字构形系统的描写，不仅适用了断代描写，也适用于历史比较，只有在对汉字断代系统描写的基础上进行系统的历史比较，才能认清汉字系统历史演变的真相，揭示汉字系统发展的客观规律，为科学地整理现代汉字提供理论上的依据。

Using a semantic categorization task, Experiment 2 investigated into three-level Indonesian students lexical access of ideogram characters with different familiarities.

研究二采用语义范畴判断作业，旨在考察不同水平的印尼学生在认知高频、低频形声字时是否具有形旁提示整字意义的意识。

However, not as what the PDP model assumed, the facilitation and inhibition effects are not simply accumulated effects, and they are not only affected by the relative frequency between the whole phonograms and their phonetics.

实验一和二还发现，在本实验条件下，语音得到显著激活并体现出显著作用的一个关键时间点在42ms和56ms之间，在这一时间点上，汉字的语音得到了比较充分的加工，而且，形声字整字和声旁的语音是同时可获得的。

The priming effects showed that phonology of neighbors in both high and low frequency characters were activated, but they had different interaction with the phonology of whole phonograms.

这两个结果共同说明形声字邻近字的语音得到了普遍的激活，但是邻近字语音对形声字整字语音通达的影响是有条件的。

In the United States, chronic alcoholism and hepatitis C are the most common ones.

在美国，慢性酒精中毒，肝炎是最常见的。

If you have any questions, you can contact me anytime.

如果有任何问题，你可以随时联系我。