当代的

In his opinion: freedom in modern society is a kind of inter-control relationship between human and objects, that is an illusion of freedom; personality is the outcome of the batch production of consumer system; it is a kind of self-shoot, a shadowy self-comfort and satisfaction; the aesthetic distance formed the lonely state of modern human, this makes favor and identity be important motivity of consumption; nature here has been changed to naturety, it is a consumable symbol opposes to real nature; art and artworks gradually turns into sign; as the container and carrier of spirit, body has been changed to a separate object, a kind of capital that needs to be managed and operated; the inimitably expansion of image in mass media make human immerse in the aspiration of itself, which makes human fowardly go into the matrix of consumption.Abundant objects and information are accumulated in supermarkets and mass media, which give people an image of rich. At the same time, commodity appears in series to rise people's desire. The difference between kinds of commodity has gradually been erased, replacing the utility as object.

他认为：当代的自由实际上是人与物的相互操控关系，是人的自由幻觉；个性是消费系统中批量生产的产物，是一种自恋性的投射，一种虚幻的自我安慰和满足；审美距离则造成了当代人的孤独，这使得关切和身份认同成为消费的重要动力；自然已经变成自然性，成为对立于真正自然的可消费的文化符号；文艺复兴以来的艺术和艺术品逐渐由模仿转为表现再转为符号。

Painting which is the mainstream of the western art is extremely representational in the aspect of the space concept. But relieves combine the paintings'complanation with sculptures'extensity .so we decide to research the process of the evolvement and the interaction between paintings and sculptures. We expect to discuss the space and art expression in the western art and relieve ,so I can have a further comprehension about the space of optical art. The comprehension can not only help us understand the traditional western paintings and relieves better, but also make us comprehend the space concept of modern art better, to set the artistic creations of contemporary paintings and relieves into action.

油画，作为西方绘画的主流形式，在空间形态的表现上极富代表性，而浮雕兼具绘画的平面性与雕塑的实体空间性，因此，我选择研究油画与浮雕在空间上的演变过程及其相互影响，以期可以从一个侧面来探讨西方绘画与浮雕中的空间观和艺术形态表现，从而对视觉艺术的"空间"有更深一个层次的了解，这不仅有利于我们理解传统的西方油画和浮雕，也能使我们更好地理解现代艺术的空间观念，进而更好的推动当代的油画和浮雕创作。

section summarizes simply innovations and inadequacies in this dissertation,specially,it introduces Lyotardpragmatic thought,who defends the legitimacy of scientific knowledge in using the methods and idea of pragmatics,reinterprets modern scientific crisis,social variation and cultural symptoms,and holds extricating the right of legitimacy from metanarrative ,deciding it through gamers and discourser,then,setting up a foundation for legitimacy of scientific knowledge.This inspires the new study about scientific rhetoric.

结语部分简单总结了本论文在写作上创新的地方和不足之处，特别是着重介绍了利奥塔把语用学的方法和观念运用于辩护科学知识的合法性，用科学知识语用学来重新解释当代的科学危机、社会变异和文化症状，主张把合法性的权利从"元叙事"的束缚中解脱出来，而由游戏者和对话者本人去决定，从而对科学知识的合法性问题进行奠基，这启发了新的"科学修辞学"问题的研究。

section summarizes simply innovations and inadequacies in this dissertation,specially,it introduces Lyotard'pragmatic thought,who defends the legitimacy of scientific knowledge in using the methods and idea of pragmatics,reinterprets modern scientific crisis,social variation and cultural symptoms,and holds extricating the right of legitimacy from metanarrative,deciding it through gamers and discourser,then,setting up a foundation for legitimacy of scientific knowledge.This inspires the new study about scientific rhetoric.

结语部分简单总结了本论文在写作上创新的地方和不足之处，特别是着重介绍了利奥塔把语用学的方法和观念运用于辩护科学知识的合法性，用科学知识语用学来重新解释当代的科学危机、社会变异和文化症状，主张把合法性的权利从"元叙事"的束缚中解脱出来，而由游戏者和对话者本人去决定，从而对科学知识的合法性问题进行奠基，这启发了新的"科学修辞学"问题的研究。

The feminist theories and methodology of feminism, especially those of Virginia Woolf and Simone de Beauvoir will be used to explore the unique standpoints and living conditions of intellectual women as well as the reasons for their confusion depicted in Margaret Drabble's works. After the analysis, this thesis also puts forward possible suggestions for the future generations of intellectual women to realize their self value.

通过分析研究玛格丽特·德拉布尔小说中的知识女性的生命历程和生存状态，一方面可以填补女性文学批评领域里比较空缺的部分，分析她们的社会背景，考察她们的生活境遇，探讨其中的缘由，让那个时代的知识女性形象得以充分的再现；另一方面，通过寻找知识女性在20世纪六、七十年代生存困境的原因，可以给当代的知识女性以警示，让她们不再重蹈覆辙，冷静清晰的看清自己的人生目标，将未来之路完完全全掌握在自己的手中。

Thisarticle attempts to study the formation, characteristics and humanistic implications ofChinese hymnody in three chapters. Chapter 1 introduces the formation anddevelopment of Chinese hymnody from the political, religious, and culturalperspectives. Chapter 2 analyzes the various features of Chinese hymnody anddemonstrates that Chinese hymnody is a synthesis of Chinese and western culture andmusic. Chapter 3 explains the value, significance and influence of Chinese hymnodytoday from cultural, progressive, and aesthetic perspectives.

第一章简介了中国基督教圣诗音乐生成的政治及宗教文化背景，指出其对中国基督教圣诗音乐的作用与影响，并梳理了中国基督教圣诗音乐本色化发展概况；第二章论述了中国基督教圣诗音乐的多样性及崇拜性表现特征，从词曲的来源、和声的民族化及在崇拜中的表现特征分析中国基督教圣诗音乐中西融汇的多元特征；第三章是从人文角度对中国基督教圣诗音乐的透视，从其文化内涵、现代性变迁及审美取向来三个方面阐明了中国基督教圣诗音乐在当代的价值、意义及影响。

Along with Annika"s uncommon take on architectural and nature-inspired pendants, cuffs, and earrings, Philippe"s mutually complementary professional experiences-including marketing studies at New York University and extensive production work and jewelry-making abroad-helped quickly grow the brand: Soon after opening their boutique, the Salames began expanding by boe with a larger retail outpost in SoHo and the establishment of a new wholesale jewelry business.

设计师- Annika本身有著北欧瑞典的斯堪地纳维亚的血统，而她的设计创意更因其历练而展现出多元化的特质，研读於瑞典的时尚设计以及纽约Parson's学院的室内设计以及日后接触顶级订制服的制作实习等经验，都让Annika能迅速地结合所有的特色而在当代的珠宝市场领域中开发出新颖诱人的作品。而与Annika灵感取源於建筑、家具与自然等的设计经验有所不同，Philippe则是在市场行销以及珠宝制造上有专业的经验，这些彼此专业上的互补，也造就日后by boe品牌迅速成长的主因。

The fifth part sublimes the theories to the contemporary society. For example, using them to widen the critical view of the capitalism and set up the harmonious socialism ecosystem views; Replacing "the Economic Person" with "the Ecosystem Person", and which can help to set up a new ecological theories; Using laws to standardize the application of science and technology, to develop what is useful and discard what is not; Using the scientific developing view, which is the new modern fruit of Marx's theories about the relation between human and nature , to promote the development of the economy and achieve fully harmony of the human and the nature.

第五部分与时俱进，概括了马克思&人与自然&理论在当代的升华，如用马克思&人与自然&理论去拓宽资本主义制度的批判视域，构建和谐的社会主义生态观；用&生态人&取代&经济人&的人性假设，构建新的生态经济学理论；用法制去规范科技的运用，以扬其善去其恶；用马克思&人与自然&理论现代化的新成果——科学发展观去指导经济的发展，以达到人与自然的充分和谐。

Although they had already pledged themselves to the Prophet, the Companions had to take initiation with Sayyidina Abu Bakr after the passing of the Prophet, and as they renewed their pledge to the successive khalifs, Sayyidina 'Umar, Sayyidina 'Uthman and Sayyidina 'Ali, so too does a sincere seeker need to put his hand into the hand of a living shaikh, and renew his initiation, in order to complete his journey to the Divine Presence.

尽管已经向使者立过誓约，在圣人归主后，圣门弟子也不得不跟随我们的领袖艾卜·伯克尔，并继续他们的誓约跟随接下来的哈里发——我们的领袖欧麦尔、奥斯曼、阿里。所以，为了完成 Divine Presence 的旅程，一个真诚的寻求者应该紧紧握住当代的谢赫的手，复兴他的教导。

Sutherland Lyall 的著作《 Masters of Structure 》中是这样评价这个建筑的结构设计的: In a country prone to regular and severe earthquakes Japanese structural engineers have to design with high safety factors – and the tendency is, naturally, to over-size structural members and to generally design ultra conservatively.

这个建筑是在日本经济高潮时期的最后一个建筑，可以说是结构师和建筑师共同创造的作品，很多的设计既符合建筑设计的方案要求，也从结构的角度发挥和促进了建筑的设计，通过使用连建筑师都不敢想象的大胆的结构方案将建筑的优势极大地发挥出来，它的设计吸取了当代钢结构设计和施工技术的精粹，成为了东京二十世纪最后的技术大会集。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。