当事人

Basic information about the parties concerned, including their name, their customs registration codes, customs registration codes for customs declarers, and their addresses, etc.

当事人的基本情况，包括当事人姓名或者名称、海关注册编码、报关员海关注册编码、地址等

Recently system ADR has got great emphasis from every country,because it has significantly cut the costs of lawsuits of clients,reduced the antagnism between(朗曼上只搭配between,不用among) them, economised the justice resources of nations,and decreased the tardiness of lawsuits.

请帮忙，将中文摘要译为英文，谢谢！！！ 50分近年来ADR制度得到了各国极大的重视，它对降低当事人的诉讼成本，减少当事人之间的对抗性，节约国家司法资源以及缓解诉讼迟延具有重要意义。

Chapter 1 clarifies the concept of forfaiting, introduces its origin and development, summarizes the features of forfaiting by making comparisons with other financing tools such as factoring and loan, then analyzes the advantages as well as the disadvantages of a forfaiting transaction to its parties, also specifies the legal relationships between the parties.

第一章介绍了福费廷业务的概念、起源和发展，通过对比得出福费廷区别于国际保理、贷款等融资业务的特征，分析了福费廷对各当事人的利弊，说明了福费廷各当事人之间的法律关系。

Some years ago i knew the chairman of a n american industrial company who was forced out of his post after a losing bitter takeover battle with a foreign conglomerate7）.this chairman,already in his 60s,could easily have moved on to a second career as a well－paid consultant,giving speeches,lecturing at business schools,and functioning as an eminence8） grise in his field.but losing his company rankled him--to the point where,within weeks of his departure,he announced that he had acquired control of a new company and planned to compete directly with his old company.i'm sure this decision was totally ego－driven;he wanted to show the world that he hadn't lost a step.unfortunately,running a start－up company is nothing like running a large organization.tasks that he could delegate to several layers of staff in his previous life were now his alone to do.without his old company's resources,he couldn't function at his best.

不要老觉得你应对所有人说你受到了冤枉。你一旦被解雇--这里既指失去了工作，也指失去了当事人或主要客户--最常见的冲动是向全世界宣布你多少受到了委屈。人们觉得失业是对他们形象和自尊心的一次打击。为此在轻微的震惊之中，他们立即再度陷入同样的窘境，似乎以此就能向所有人表明他们仍未失去能力。换句话说，他们变得惊惶失措。他们不能退一步问问自己，是不是最初应该做那份工作，是不是喜欢和当事人打交道或为客户服务。几年前，我认识一位美国工业公司的经理，他和一家外国联合企业展开一场相互吞并的竞争，结果失利被迫辞职。这位经理已是花甲之年，完全可以另辟蹊径，去做收入不菲的顾问，四处演讲，到商学院讲课，在他的领域当一个无冕之王。但失去他的公司使他气愤不已，以致他在离开几周之后就宣布他又买断了一家新公司，并打算直接与他过去的公司展开竞争。我敢担保这一决定纯属是受自尊心的驱使；他是想让人们瞧瞧，他没有失利。不幸的是，管理一家新公司和管理一个大企业完全是两码事。过去他可以把任务交给层层下属去做，如今他只得事必躬亲。没有了他过去公司的左右依仗，他无法发挥其才能。

Article 29 Where a party requires service of adjudicatory documents by mail on the ground of inconvenient traffic or any other causes, the people's court may serve the documents to the address for service provided by that party.

第二十九条当事人因交通不便或者其他原因要求邮寄送达裁判文书的，人民法院可以按照当事人自己提供的送达地址邮寄送达。

This chapteranalyzed theoretical basis of summary procedure from four aspects:Seen from the value ofprocedure,summary procedure embodies intensively the coordination of just and efficiency incivil action;From the angle of resolving disputes according to their different type,thereasonable establishment of summary procedure is an inevitable way to resolve disputesaccording to their different type;From the angle of ensuring parties' the access to justice,summary procedure is of great significance in eliminating obstacles which prevent the parties'the access to justice.

本章从四个方面对简易程序的理论基础进行了分析：从程序的价值来看，简易程序集中体现了民事诉讼程序中公正与效率的协调；从纠纷的类型化解决的角度，简易程序的合理设置是纠纷类型化解决的必由之路；从保障当事人接近正义机会的角度，简易程序对消除当事人接近正义的障碍具有重要意义；就我国正在进行的民事审判方式改革而言，程序的简易化与正当化应该是两个并行不悖的目标。

Chapter Two illustrates the nature of the international guarantee.At first,the writer analyses the meaning of collateral nature and its theoretical basis.Thewriter points out that in order to reinforce the protection of the guarantor'sinterest,the guarantee is located as collateral guarantee in all countries'traditional legislation.In other words,the validity of the guarantee contract isdetermined by the underlying contract,i.e.if the underlying contract isestablished,the guarantee contract is established,too;if the underlying contract isvalid,and the guarantee contract is valid too.It is true,otherwise.But thedoctrine of autonomy of private law dominates the civil law and commercial lawin all the countries,so the parties are permitted to alter the collateral nature of theguarantee by an agreement under the related laws worldwide.so the collateralnature of the guarantee is not the compulsory nature of the law.This lays a solidfoundation for the emerging of the independent guarantee.The writer thenanalyses the meaning of independence and the cause of the booming of theindependent guarantee.In fact,the independent guarantee was originated fromthe change of the collateral nature by the parties contract.As a result,the validityof the contract of independent guarantee is not determined by the underlyingcontract as the collateral guarantee,But the validity of the independent guaranteecontract is independent from the underlying contract,the establishment and thevalidity of the contract of independent guarantee are not subjected to theunderlying contract.

第二章对国际信用担保的法律属性进行了论述，首先分析了从属性的含义及其理论基础，指出虽然各国传统立法为了加强对保证人利益的保护，都将信用担保定位于从属保证，即保证合同的效力取决于主合同的效力，主合同成立，保证合同也成立，主合同生效，保证合同也生效；主合同不成立，保证合同也不成立，主合同不生效，保证合同也不生效，但是由于私法自治的精神主导着各国的民商法领域，各国立法都允许当事人通过合同约定对信用担保的从属性进行改变，所以保证的从属性从来就不是信用担保制度的法律强制属性，这也为独立保证制度的出现奠定了制度前提；其次分析了独立性的含义以及独立保证兴起的原因，独立保证实际上就是当事人通过合同约定对保证从属性的改变，使独立保证合同的效力不再象从属保证合同的效力那样取决于主合同的效力，而是使独立保证合同的效力独立于主合同的效力，独立保证合同成立不因主合同的不成立而受影响，也不因主合同的无效而无效。

The effectiveness of the letter of guarantee, its wordings and its enforceability will determine whether the carrier shall bear the legal responsibility. Inthis part of the article, I also discuss different types of letter of guarantee, as well as their different validity in law, i.e. The bona fide one is valid between the two parties of it, while the mala fide one is void even between the two parties of it.

本节着重介绍了保函在各种不同情况下的的法律性质，以及不同保函的不同法律效力，即善意保函在其双方当事人之间有效，恶意保函即使在其双方当事人之间也无效，使我们在实践中合理地利用保函来达到我们的目的。

A "chance verdict" is decided by lot or the flip of a coin, a "compromise verdict" is based on some jurors voting against their beliefs to break a deadlock, and a "quotient verdict" averages the amount of each juror's award are improper and will result in a mistrial or cause a reversal of the judgment when appealed.

这几句看不大懂。也就是说，在庭审前的阶段，只有当事人向法官提供足够的证据，使法官认为案件存在争点并且有理由将争点事实交陪审团认定，案件才能经陪审团审理。否则，法官将采用指示裁决，撤诉或驳回请求（non----suit）等方式，直接裁判承担此部分证明责任的当事人败诉。

Rhode Island requires mediators to attend a thirty-hour training course that focuses entirely on learning and practicing techniques to help parties reach agreements (how to brainstorm, ask questions, identify parties' interests, etc.).

罗德岛要求调解员必须参加一个为期30小时的培训课程，该课程完全集中于学习和实践那些能够帮助当事人达成协议的方法（如何进行头脑风暴、如何提问、如何界定当事人的利益等等）。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。