归纳地

Besides a thorough knowledge of geometry, teachers also need to understand the processes of reasoning inductively and deductively and of integrating knowledge from both sorts of thinking to develop mathematics.

此外几何学的完全知识，老师也需要了解归纳地而且推论地和从两者种想发展数学整合知识说服的程序。

The main contents are listed as follows: Analyse and research of the data mining technique. the dissertation summarizes,analyses and studies the current status of the data mining technique in our native country and overseas widely and roundly research . The definiens and orientation of the data mining is reviewed in brief first.

对数据挖掘技术的国内外研究现状进行了广泛而全面地归纳、分析和研究，对数据挖掘的定义及定位进行了简要的回顾，在数据挖掘基本概念的基础上，对数据挖掘常使用的技术和研究的对象进行了详细地分类、归纳和总结。

The dissertationsummarizes,analyses and studies the current status of the data mining technique inour native country and overseas widely and roundly and then summarizes anddiscusses its developmental trends and hot research fields. The definiens andorientation of the data mining is reviewed in brief first. Based on the basic conceptsof data mining,this dissertation classifies and summarizes the objects of data miningand the common techniques in detail.

对数据挖掘技术的国内外研究现状进行了广泛而全面地归纳、分析和研究，对数据挖掘技术的未来发展趋势和热点研究领域进行了总结和探讨，对数据挖掘的定义及定位进行了简要的回顾，在数据挖掘基本概念的基础上，对数据挖掘常使用的技术和研究的对象进行了详细地分类、归纳和总结。

According to gathering plentiful relative datum of of Xuer section of Yazihe structure and seismic、 well logging、 surveys、 core ect during the exploitation and exploration,the research starts with analise of slice data、 core observation and core specimens,then combines with coordination、 analyse、 concluding and the former research result.The article recognizes the tectonic feature of Xuer section of Yazihe structure and it"s tectonic evolution,analyzes the distributing feature of oik、 gas、 water、 their dominated factor、 the pressure feature of gas reservoir and especially the conservative condition of Xuer gas reservoir.At the same time,the article acquaintances the depositional feature and sedimentary environment and discusses the main genesis typeof reservoir sandstone.By analyzing the physical feature and physical relation of reservoir rock, the article first classifies and evaluates the reservoir rock simply ,then concludes it"s feature of reservoir and permeability. According to detailed core observation and fracture explanation in well logging ,the article uses single well fracture indentifying and evaluation to confirm the section where the fracture growths,putting emphases on the method to get parameter of fracture,such as fracture width and fracture porosity.Finally,combining with the principal curvature for tectonics deformation the article predicts the plane fracture of reservoir and weave the general evaluation map of crack fracture growth.

本文主要是通过大量、全面地收集鸭子河构造须二储层及气藏在油气勘探和开发过程中取得的地震、录井、测试、岩心及开采等方面的相关资料，从薄片资料、现场岩心观察和岩心样品分析资料入手，通过室内整理、分析、归纳，并结合前人的研究成果，认识鸭子河构造须二段的构造特征并分析构造的演化，浅析其油、气、水的分布特征及控制因素，气藏压力特征、重点分析须二气藏的保存条件；了解储层的沉积特征和沉积环境，从多方面讨论储层砂体的主要成因类型；分析储层的物性特征及物性间关系，并对储集岩进行简单的分类评价，归纳其储渗特征；通过详细岩心观察和测井裂缝解释，进行单井裂缝识别与评价，来确定裂缝发育层段，重点放在裂缝参数的求取，如裂缝宽度、裂缝孔隙度等，并结合构造曲率法进行储层平面裂缝的预测，编制裂缝发育综合评价图。

This thesis adopts a positivism method to classify and analyze the cases in connection with the administrative litigation plaintiff's qualification for disclosing the true attitudes and skills exercised by judges in reviewing such cases. And try to give a whole view of the recognition of this kind of disputes, try to find the common element and the regular trend, try to make the issue in concrete by classifying, all this make the different cases have more lively characters.

本文不拟在理论层面多做论述，而是采用案例归纳分析的方法，通过整理、归纳、分析法官对"行政诉讼原告资格争议"的司法审查标准和判决处理，试图对行政诉讼原告资格的认定做一个梳理，力图找出其中共同的因素和规律性的趋势，并通过分类使其具体化，极大地强化了不同个案的针对性。

Just in this time, the deficiency of classic theory and algorithms of inductive learning were discovered that they had not put enough consideration to the predicted accuracy whereas emphasize the method of succinctness excessively.

正是在这一时期，人们发现了经典的归纳学习理论和算法的严重不足，即经典的归纳学习的理论和算法忽视的判决精度问题，而过分地强调了学习结果在概念上的简洁性。

After analyzing the merit and lack of 9I model, the main idea is proposed: to distill some basic topological relations from 9I model, of which the composite topological relations of complex objects are made up. In detail, the composite topological relationships between region and region, line and line, line and region are particularly discussed;(2)Analyze the characteristics and inner relations of cadastral features. According to the expressional model of complex topological relations, the author discovers the possible topological relations between parcels, parcel lines and parcel points. In addition, sum up the general topological relationship rules of cadastral data.(3) Then the topological relations model is extended to the spatio-temporal data. Time in cadastral database and change semantic are discussed. It's redefined that spatio-temporal topological relations is composed of time, location, status and event relation. Spatio-temporal topological relationships can be represented by extended 4I model. Taking cadastral parcels as example, there are different possible spatio-temporal topological relationships between parcels when they are extended, shrunken, split, merged or others. Thus, some deductions are drawn that, for example, if parcels have be coexisting for some time they are impossible to be overlapped. Furthermore, the parents of parcels alternated and their possible change types can be detected by their spatio-temporal topological relationships.(4) Before carrying out the experiment, the calculation method must be designed.

具体研究工作及成果如下：（1）根据点集拓扑理论中与拓扑空间相关的概念，本文对空间的点、线、面进行了重新定义，以区分对象的复杂性；分析了9I模型在表示简单对象方面的优点，以及在表达复杂对象上的不足，阐述了本文的研究思路和解决方案，并以复杂的面面、线线和线面为例详细探讨了复合拓扑关系的表达方法；（2）分析了地籍权属数据和地类数据的内涵、特点和要素之间的联系，根据复杂对象的拓扑关系表达模型，本文讨论了宗地、界址线、界址点之间，图斑、线状地物、零星地类之间可能存在的拓扑关系和形式化表达方法，归纳总结了地籍对象的拓扑关系满足的约束性规则；（3）将拓扑关系的研究延伸到时空领域，从地籍对象的时态性出发，本文阐述了地籍数据中时间的含义和变化语义描述的需要；从时间、位置、状态、事件等之间的拓扑关系方面，重新系统性地进行了时空拓扑关系的定义；研究了一维时间和二维空间的集成表达方式，以宗地、界址线为例，分析了变更前后不同时间区间里可能的拓扑关系，探讨了时空拓扑关系对时空变化操作类型和变化语义的推理方法和意义；（4）为实现空间拓扑关系的查询分析等应用，本文研究了空间拓扑关系的计算方法。

With the support of a major research grant of Zhejiang Province (No. 001101027) and the Plan of Promoting Education of Excellence of Zhejiang University in the 21st Century, this dissertation is devoted to address the above problems and fabricate an L-band EDFA with low cost, high performance and technological innovation.First the mechanism of an erbium doped fiber amplifier is introduced. Various theoretical models based on classical rate propagation equations are summarized and compared for their applications. We use a modified numerical model based on the Giles model, which agrees with the experimental results well. This serves as the theoretical base for the whole thesis and will be used to optimize the characteristics of EDFAs. A novel method based on a map of noise figure and gain is proposed to analyze efficiently the dependence of the noise figure and gain for EDFAs on the EDF length and the pump power. The characteristics of various EDFAs are studied and compared.Secondly, some important parameters are introduced to describe the characteristics of EDFAs. The methods and the experimental setups for measuring the gain and noise figure of an EDFA are emphasized. We introduce how to measure the characteristics of each component of an EDFA, especially the gain and absorption coefficient of an erbium doped fiber.Thirdly, four types of simple and novel L-band EDFA structures with low noise, high gain and low gain ripple are proposed to satisfy the requirement of a DWDM system. They can be classified into two categories. In the first category, a single ASE pumping is served asa secondary pump. This category includes the following three types. Type: a new construction using a fiber Bragg grating in an unpumped EDF section at the input side. Type: a new structure of L-Band EDFA with two-stage pumps, which utilizes the forward ASE as a second pump.

本论文本着科技创新、服务于生产实践的精神，以设计价格低廉，性能优越、结构合理简单的L-band EDFA为目标，依托浙江省科技厅重大科学基金资助项目(001101027)和浙江大学振兴教育计划资助的全光网络的搭建—《光通信技术》课程实验建设项目，展开了如下工作：首先，介绍了掺铒光纤放大器的工作原理，归纳总结了基于速率方程基础的EDFA的各种理论模型，分析比较了各个模型的特点和适用场合，最终选择完善的Giles理论模型作为本论文分析设计EDFA的理论基础；针对实际实验条件提出了修正的EDFA模型的数值计算方法；创新地提出了增益—噪声系数全局分析法，直观有效地分析了EDFA的增益和噪声系数与掺铒光纤长度和泵浦功率的依赖关系，并对各种EDFA的性能作了全面的比较；第二，介绍了掺铒光纤放大器特性参数的定义与测量方法，重点介绍了噪声系数和增益系数的测量方法及实验装置；介绍了组成掺铒光纤放大器各组件的特性测量方法，重点介绍了测量掺铒光纤参数的方法和实验装置；第三，针对WDM系统对L-band EDFA谱平坦、低噪声、高增益的要求，我们创新地提出了四种不同的L-band EDFA结构，按设计思路可以分为两大类：一类是基于单抽运二级泵浦法，这一类包括在未泵浦掺铒光纤的输入端插入一根布拉格光纤光栅的两段L-band的EDFA的新结构；基于前向ASE光作为二级泵浦源推动下一级EDF工作的泵浦分配、两段级联L-band的EDFA的新结构；基于单根光纤光栅、泵浦分配、两段级联的EDFA；另一类则是基于同时应用前后向C-band ASE作二级泵浦源的双抽运法，如基于前后向ASE光作为二级泵浦源的三段级联L-band的EDFA的新结构。

Sources of large and super-large nonferrous metals deposits are explained with "liquid source ore bed".

中文摘要：文章从地体的形成与拼贴方面讨论了湖南省5个构造地层地体的划分，根据各地体的成矿特征不同，按元素组合归纳出五大有色多金属成矿系列，引用&液态矿源层&概念解释大型、超大型矿床的巨量物质来源，认为地体边界断裂带和地体内深大断裂控制了有色金属大型、超大型矿床与矿集区的分布。

The main research contents are as follows:1. Through massive calculation, analysis and comparison, sum up the similarities and differences between the special-shaped cross sections and rectangular cross sections in mechanical features, between reinforced concrete special-shaped columns and rectangular columns in load-bearing capacity, ductility performance and provide necessary basic concepts and data for further understanding the characteristics of the special-shaped columns;2. Through massive elastic calculations and elasto-plastic analysis, under the preconditions of satisfying the code's requirements for axial compression ratio, limit value of lateral displacement and load-bearing capacity of normal section,oblique section and beam-column joint, under circumstances of different intensity of earthquake, structure dead weight, sort of site and column grid bay dimension, the variation regularity of maximum suitable height of structure, and thus sum up the maximum suitable height of structure for code for the purpose of macro-control while deciding the design scheme;3. Make a preliminary study on the stress feature of reinforced concrete special-shaped column and Z-shaped column of which the ratio of limb length to limb thickness is between 4~5 ,and the preliminary design method is suggested;4. Through elato-plastic time history dynamic analysis of typical projects, check up the weak storey of the special-shaped column structure and yielding, breaking and collapse mechanism to satisfy the earthquake resistant requirement to buildings of remaining stand under strong earthquake;5. Derive for project use simplified calculation formula of vibration period, suitable vibration period, suitable rigidity of special-shaped column structure through theoretical analysis, and provide an easy and practical method for deciding the structure scheme economically, safely and reasonably;6. Based on the study achievements in theory and massive analysis and calculations of this paper, sum up the regularities of inner force, deformation of special-shaped column structure and seismic conceptual design, and thus the suggection of seismic design of special-shaped column structures is presented.

本文研究的主要内容如下：通过大量的计算、分析和对比，总结出异形截面与矩形截面在力学特性、钢筋混凝土异形截面柱与矩形截面柱在承载能力、延性性能等方面的异同，为深入了解异形截面柱的特点提供必要的基本概念和数据；通过大量的弹性及弹塑性计算分析，在满足规程对轴压比、侧移限值及正截面、斜截面、节点承载力抗震验算要求的前提下，在不同抗震设防烈度、结构自重、场地类别及柱网开间尺寸情况下最大适宜高度的变化规律，并在此基础上总结归纳出异形柱结构的最大适用高度规定，可用于规程，以便于在确定方案时起到宏观控制的作用；对肢长与肢厚比在4～5的钢筋混凝土异形截面柱及Z形柱的受力特点进行初步探讨，提出初步的设计方法；通过对典型工程的弹塑性动力时程分析，检验异形柱结构的薄弱层及屈服、破坏、倒塌机制，以达到建筑物大震不倒的抗震设防要求；通过理论分析，推导出异形柱结构自振周期，以及适宜自振周期、适宜刚度的工程实用简化计算公式，为经济、安全、合理地确定结构方案提供简便实用的方法；在本文理论分析、计算以及大量的研究成果基础上，总结归纳出异形柱结构内力、变形的规律及抗震概念设计内容，并在此基础上提出异形柱结构的抗震设计建议。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。