归化的

Noll. From the irradiance distribution in two defocal planes, one in front of focal plane and the other behind, with a given detector array the elements of response matrix for each normalized term of Zernike polynomials can be obtained. For an incoming atmospheric disturbed random wavefront, with its irradiance distribution detected in two defocal planes and the response matrix, it is easy to solve the corresponding Zernike term coefficients of incoming wavefront and reconstruct the detected one.

Noll建议的Zernike多项式表征经大气扰动的入瞳处的光学波前畸变；求出由两个离焦面上的光强分布决定的归一化Zernike项在特定形状的探测器上的响应矩阵；由响应矩阵和入瞳处的波前在两个离焦面上的光强分布，求出其Zernike项的系数，从而实现波前的探测和重构。

In this dissertation, InGaAs/InGaAsP/InP MQW microdisk laser and its characterization were presented. Some conclusions are as following: the characteristics of lasing threshold was discussed by using rate equation. The dependent relations between threshold and cavity volume, spontaneous emission coupling efficiency β were investigated. The whispering gallery mode and spontaneous emission in a microdisk geometry were then studied. Almost all spontaneous emission was coupled into the lowest order TE mode when the normalized thickness of photonics well was between 0.15 and 0.5. The design principle and device process of InGaAs/InGaAsP/InP MQW microdisk laser were presented. The microdisk lasers with the diameter of 8μm, 4. 5μm and 2μm were succesfully fabricated by using etching techniques. The pulse lasing thresholds for the microdisk with the diameter of 8μm and 4. 5μm were 170μW and 15μW, a record results compared with the published in the literature. The cw lasing threshold for a 2-μm-diameter microdisk was only a few μW. We haven't found similar report up to now. To solve the problem of directional output in a microdisk laser, the power coupling efficiency in a double disk geometry was investigated with the theory of waveguide mode couple. A new structure of electrically pumped microdisk laser with output waveguide was designed, making a foundation for the practical use of microdisk laser.

本文主要研究InGaAs/InGaAsP/InP多量子阱半导体碟型激光器的研制和特性表征，并取得如下结果：利用速率方程理论讨论了激光器激射阈值的特性，分析了阈值与腔体积和自发发射耦合系数β之间的关系；讨论了微碟光子阱结构中的自发发射特性和微碟中WGM模式特性；光子阱结构在其归一化厚度在0.15-0.5之间时，几乎全部自发发射进入到最低阶TE模式中；研究了InGaAs/InGaAsP/InP多量子阱微碟激光器的结构设计原理和器件的制备工艺；利用刻蚀方法成功制备出直径分别为8μm、4.5μm、2μm的碟型微腔激光器；直径8μm和4.5μm的微碟脉冲光泵浦激射阈值分别为170μW、15μW，是目前所见文献报导中比较低的；直径2μm的微碟连续光泵浦激射阈值仅几μW，目前尚未见到达到类似结果的研究报导；为解决微碟激光器激射光定向引出的问题，通过波导耦合模理论分析了双层碟之间功率耦合效率；据此设计了新型带耦合输出波导的电泵浦微腔激光器，为进一步研制可实用的电泵浦微腔激光器打下基础。

The computational complexity has been reduced about 5 times over against the original one. Moreover, the interpolation and quantization processing of CW is more reasonable; 2. A secondary power normalization algorithm is proposed in this dissertation. This normalization algorithm ensures that the energy sum of SEW and REW is 1. So, the energy ratio of SEW and REW can be achieved only by using SEW energy. This ratio is applied in REW quantization and CW composition; 3. For more efficient quantization for Slowly Evolving Waveform magnitude, Rapidly Evolving Waveform magnitude and power parameters, firstly, by applying the Equivalent Rectangular Bandwidth theory, classifiable multi-codebooks method, analysis-by-synthesis approach and so on, a predictive AbS multi-codebooks SEW magnitude quantization scheme is proposed. In the scheme, pitch information is exploited to determine which codebook is searched; secondly, for REW magnitude quantization, this dissertation proposed a DCT-matrix multi-codebooks quantization scheme. The classification in muti-codebooks is based on pitch and quantized SEW power. The multi-codebooks structure may offer more the information in quantization and solve the problem of the bit requirement limits in quantization by consuming some extra storage space; Furthermore, for the switch quantization of CW gain, a new classified parameter is proposed.

本文的主要贡献体现为如下几方面：一、为了减少WI模型的计算复杂度，提出了基于快速傅立叶变换、三次B样条插值和周期延拓技术的特征波形(Characteristic Waveform，CW)表示和对齐的快速算法，与原方法相比，计算量下降到原方法的1/5，同时也使得CW在插值和量化时更合理；二、为了严格保证SEW与REW的能量和为1，提出了一种特征波形的二次功率归一化算法，仅需要SEW能量就可以算出二者的能量比，并可应用到后续的REW的分类量化和CW合成中；三、为了对慢渐变波形(Slowly Evolving Waveform，SEW)幅度、快渐变波形(Rapidly Evolving Waveform，REW)幅度和特征波形功率进行有效量化，本文首先采用临界频带理论、分析合成技术、感觉加权技术以及预测式矢量量化技术，提出了一种基于基音周期分类的SEW分析合成预测式多码书量化方法；其次，本文根据基音和量化后SEW的功率信息对REW幅度进行分类，提出了一种基于离散余弦变换的REW矩阵多码书量化方法。

However,because of the individuality,historical accumulation and heritage of national culture that produces the prohibition of foreign cultures from introduction into the original one,the foreign culture should seek the permission and cooperation of the original culture when it aggresses into the original one even though the present world enjoys a cultural globalization...

但是由于民族文化的个性化、历史的沉淀和传袭产生了对异质文化的排它性。故异质文化输入原质文化过程中既呈现一定的个性张扬，又体现&本土化&旨归；既寻求原质文化的认同和合作———建立在符合原质文化的思维、认知、心理、审美以及其语理语性的基础上的认同和合作，又倡导文化多元的世界里原质文化自身发展和进步的需要。

Although the perpetual objects of Ri Guang Liu Nian, Shou Huo, Ding Zhuang Meng is different, the concrete writing patterns is similar. Imaginary abstraction as narrative premise, desalinizes diseases'pathological meanings, provide a valid condition for novelistic telling; as narrative strategy, plots absurdity completes to rewrite and reconstruct the history and the reality, which makes narrative behavior develop freely; as narrative purpose, solemn and inevitable ending makes the word have fatal colors, ultimate meanings can be showed.

虽然《日光流年》、《受活》、《丁庄梦》的关注对象不同，但在具体的写作中呈现出共同的叙事模式，即以意象的抽象化作为叙事前提，淡化疾病的病理学含义，为小说的讲述提供有效条件；以情节的荒诞化极端化作为叙事策略，完成对历史和现实的改写与重构，使叙事行为能够自由发展；以结局的悲壮和必然作为叙事旨归，为文本染上宿命的色彩，残病叙事的终极意义得以彰显。

Pure-remote sensing information models are free of the numerous distributional parameters that are difficult to obtain in vast area. The following sections are included in the study.(1) The VCI and SVI based on time-series NDVI data are used to analyse regional drought and the following results were reached: As the vegetation growth status index, the response of VCI and SVI to precipitation was land cover type, temporal and site specified. So VCI and SVI have little information about drought when used to monitor regional drought especially in China that has a mountainous topographty.(2) Based on the interpretation of NDVI-Ts space, NDVI and land surface temperature was combined to construct NVDI-Ts space from which the TVDI (Temperature Vegetation Dryness Index) was obtained with line ratio method and normalized slopes method. When compared with the topsoil moisture measured in situ, TVDI are competent in regional drought monitoring. Illumed by the NDVI-Ts space, we combined the NDVI with day/night land surface temperature difference and apparent thermal inertia to construct NDVI-ΔT and NDVI-ATI spaces from which the DVDI and AVDI were estimated respectively with 8-day composite MODIS 〓 product and 16-day composite MODIS NDVI product.

具体包括以下几方面的内容：(1)VCI和SVI在干旱监测中的作用评价：探讨利用NDVI时间系列数据建立的植被状态指数和标准植被指数评价区域干旱的可行性，研究结果表明：VCI和SVI作为植被相对生长状况指标，对降水的响应随着植被覆盖类型、时间和空间等而表现出不同的敏感性，因此在大区域干旱监测中，特别是我国这样地形复杂多样的国家，VCI和SVI在干旱监测中的作用都是有限的；(2)利用TVDI评价全国干旱等级分布：结合陆地表面温度和植被指数建立NDVI-T〓空间，在NDVI-T〓空间物理意义理解的基础上，分别采用线段比值法和斜率归一化法构建温度植被干旱指数，并利用TVDI研究了我国2000年3～5月份各旬的干旱分布，取得比较满意的结果。

A series of complete and systematic algorithms on preprocessing of handwriting image is proposed for freeformat handwritten Chinese characters . The connected character removing is carried out by combining statistical characteristic of characters width with the gauss distribution. According to the location of valley point on projecting images, a threshold value is selected as best division point resulting to the easy realization of size normalizing, character mosaicand line slope correction.

针对自由格式的手写体汉字，提出一套系统完整的笔迹图像预处理算法，其中我们将汉字宽度的统计特性与高斯分布的特性结合进行粘连字的滤除，然后根据粘连字的投影图中波谷点的位置，选择某一阈值作为最佳切分点将其分割开来，从而很容易实现了字符大小的归一化、汉字的任意拼接和行倾斜的校正。

This text is on the reference foundation of home and abroad research achievements, introducing some basic theories about entry procedure certified accountant's law duty, definiting standard of the duty discussed such as the audit law completely and belong to duly and no-duty of audit law and reparations amount of money surely calmly etc in a scries of present time administration of justice practices impatient treats solves the problem. Standing the neutral relatively angle of boundary, I make a progress research to them , attempt to look for some fair and just ideas to solve these problems, thus contribute to CPAs of our country holding the industry and healthy and legal standardization.

本文在借鉴国内外研究成果的基础上，介绍了关于注册会计师法律责任的一些基本理论，全面论述了诸如审计法律责任确定的标准、审计法律责任的归责与免责条件、赔偿金额的确定等一系列当前司法实践中急待解决的问题，站在较之司法界和会计界相对中立的角度上来对它们进行了研究，试图从中找出一些可以用来解决问题的公平、公正的新观点，从而有助于我国注册会计师执业的规范化、健康化、法制化。

This text is on the reference foundation of home and abroad research achievements, introducing some basic theories about entry procedure certified accountants law duty, definiting standard of the duty discussed such as the audit law completely and belong to duly and no-duty of audit law and reparations amount of money surely calmly etc in a scries of present time administration of justice practices impatient treats solves the problem. Standing the neutral relatively angle of boundary, I make a progress research to them , attempt to look for some fair and just ideas to solve these problems, thus contribute to CPAs of our country holding the industry and healthy and legal standardization.

本文在借鉴国内外研究成果的基础上，介绍了关于注册会计师法律责任的一些基本理论，全面论述了诸如审计法律责任确定的标准、审计法律责任的归责与免责条件、赔偿金额的确定等一系列当前司法实践中急待解决的问题，站在较之司法界和会计界相对中立的角度上来对它们进行了研究，试图从中找出一些可以用来解决问题的公平、公正的新观点，从而有助于我国注册会计师执业的规范化、健康化、法制化。

With Death guitarist Schuldiner adopting vocal duties, the band made a major impact on the scene.

随着死亡的吉他手Schuldiner接受主唱的职务，乐队在现实中树立了重要的影响。

But he could still end up breakfasting on Swiss-government issue muesli because all six are accused of nicking around 45 million pounds they should have paid to FIFA.

不过他最后仍有可能沦为瑞士政府&议事餐桌&上的一道早餐，因为这所有六个人都被指控把本应支付给国际足联的大约4500万英镑骗了个精光。