强单射

An analysis for the intensity of light and diffraction angle of bright fringes of the single -slit Fraunhofer diffraction is developed from qualitative to quantitative discussion,basing on the method of Fresnel s half-band and its extention,and on the obrvation for the amplitute vector features of wave band and sub-band on screen.

由菲涅耳半波带法思路出发，加以延伸扩展，结合观察屏上波带与子波带的振幅矢量图象，对单缝夫琅禾费衍射的明纹光强与明纹衍射角作了由定性到定量的讨论，剖析了半波带法明纹公式的近似性。

Two new Cornu spiral s are obtained by reducing and rotating the known Cornu spiral ,and the relative intensity distribution on the diffraction screen is analysed too.

运用缩小和旋转Cornu卷线的方法，作出了两条新的Cornu卷线，以此分析均匀半透明平面上的菲涅耳单缝衍射屏上的相对光强分

From the perspective of matter wave in quantum mechanics, this paper, by describing the wave function of microcosmic particle and using probability wave, derives the distributive regularity of light intensity of the single slit diffraction and circular aperture diffraction.

光具有波粒二象性，从量子力学的物质波出发，利用描述微观粒子的波函数，采用几率波的方法，导出光的单缝衍射和圆孔衍射的光强分布规律，所得结果与波动光学中用惠更新－菲涅耳原理得到的结果一致。

We found that during the growth process the double steps first grow separately and the connected by short bridge before tangential growth. After eighth or ninth layer the spiral steps would merge into intact elliptic layers. At the merging point right-handed spiral sources might appear but the left ones always overgrow it which made the whole growth topography looked like left-handed apparently. It indicated that the EAFP molecules has strong ability to adjust itself to adapt the environment. 5. Through various analysis of interactions in the EAFP crystals it indicated that there were 218 residue interactions between 12 symmetry-related EAFP molecules around one EAFP molecule, 18 strong ones and 72 weak ones .

EAFP在低过饱和度下的螺旋生长过程中会出现台阶的合并，从而表现出单-双的螺旋台阶，在小范围扫描中捕获到了这种现象，使得对螺旋生长台阶的合并过程有了更加深入的认识；并且台阶的生长受到沿晶体学b轴方向上的21螺旋对称的控制；当台阶生长至第八到第九层时，螺旋台阶会自动地形成完整的生长层，这充分说明了EAFP分子或分子簇具有良好的自身调节能力，这样在晶体生长过程中，晶体的缺陷减少，晶体质量提高，这也可说明EAFP晶体的x射线衍射能力很强的原因。

Secondly, we provide a two-level model to depict the one-, two-and three-photon fluorescent process and with it to calculate the one-, two-and three-photon fluorescence intensity dependence of the incident excitation intensity and time. We study the fluorescence intensity when excitation light's time distribution are square pulse、Gaussian pulse and sech pulse. We find that the influence of excitation light's time distribution on the two- and three- photon fluorescence peak intensity is larger than the one-photon fluorescence peak intensity. Two-level model can account for the behavior of saturation fluorescence.

然后用二能级模型解释了单、双、三光子激发原理，在理论上推导出了单、双、三光子吸收诱导荧光强度与脉冲强度以及脉冲作用时间的关系，并进一步研究了入射光时间分布分别为矩形、高斯型、双曲正割型时激发溶解在氯仿溶液中的C22H22N4O样品所产生的荧光峰值光强，结果表明激发光的时间分布对双、三光子荧光峰值强度的影响比对单光子的影响要大。

Based on the research on the scattering of the Gaussian beam from single sphere, the intensity distributions of LGB beam in different propagation distance is analyzed. Without considering the relationship of scattering and phase shift, the beam coefficients is gained by the solution of scattering cross section, and the LGB is expanded in terms of the vector spherical harmonics as fundamental Gaussian beam. The scattering of the beam with orbital angular momentum from single sphere located on the propagation axis is studied.

在单体球粒子对高斯光束散射研究的基础上，分析了在自由空间不同传输距离LGB光束的光强分布情况，在不考虑散射和波束相移关系的情况下，将LGB作为入射高斯光束，通过对波束入射时的散射衰减截面求解得到波束因子，利用矢量球谐函数对入射高斯波束进行展开，从而研究了单球粒子在在轴条件下对具轨道角动量高斯波束入射的散射问题。

Based on the Mie scattering theory, a formula to calculate the scattered light flux in a certain solid angle under the condition of polarized light input is derived form the formula for calculating scattered light intensity. The results are compared with the condition illuminated by a unpolarized light.

在Mie散射理论基础上，由单分散射的光强表达式导出在偏振光的入射条件下一定立体角内的散射光通量的表达式，并与自然光入射作比较。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。